Receive path implementation for an intermediate frequency transceiver

• US 6,148,048 A
• Filed: 09/26/1997
• Issued: 11/14/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cirrus Logic Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cirrus Logic Incorporated
• Inventors: Paulus, Tod, Mellissinos, Tony G., Kerth, Donald A., Somayajula, Shyam S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): JIANG, LENNY R
• Application Number:
  US08/938,793
• Time in Patent Office: 1,145 Days
• Field of Search: 375/259, 375/219, 375/354, 375/221, 375/297, 375/318, 375/316, 375/295, 375/222, 375/358, 375/359, 375/340, 375/345, 375/350, 375/346, 708/300, 341/139, 330/278, 330/279, 330/282, 327/113, 455/234.1
• US Class Current: 375/350
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0007 wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/28 the receiver comprising at least one semiconductor device having three or more electrodes

Abstract

A receive path implementation for an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver is disclosed that provides increased signal processing integrity and accuracy with an efficient and improved design. A complex filter for a bandpass delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) provides efficient complex noise shaping with a combination of real and complex filters. An automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier provides a constant bandwidth and zero variation phase shift for all gain levels. Clock adjust circuitry provides a clock signal with a jitter-free edge and a high percentage duty cycle. A fixed-gain input amplifier provides a matched input impedance. A method for choosing design specifications provides improved anti-aliasing properties.

Claims

1. A wireless communication system, comprising:

an antenna for receiving and transmitting radio-frequency (RF) signals;

frequency conversion circuitry for converting received RF signals into intermediate frequency (IF) signals and for converting output IF signals into transmitted RF signals;

an IF transceiver receiving IF signals from and outputting IF signals to said frequency conversion circuitry, said IF transceiver having a receive section including a complex delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter with a loop filter that has real and complex filters cascaded together; and

digital signal processing circuitry receiving and processing digital data from said IF transceiver.

2. The wireless communication system of claim 1, wherein said receive section of said IF transceiver further comprises an automatic gain control amplifier having negligible phase shift variation between a plurality discrete selectable gain levels.

3. The wireless communication system of claim 1, wherein said receive section of said IF transceiver further comprises digital clock adjust circuitry receiving a digital clock signal and providing an adjusted clock signal having a first edge produced by allowing a first edge of said digital clock signal to pass through and a second edge triggered by a digital feedback signal.

4. The wireless communication system of claim 1, further comprising a crystal filter located between said frequency conversion circuitry and said receive section of said IF transceiver, and wherein said receive section of said IF transceiver further comprises an input amplifier having a shunt feedback resistor used to match an input impedance of said input amplifier to a load impedance desired by said crystal filter.

5. The wireless communication system of claim 1, wherein said receive section of said IF transceiver further comprises anti-aliasing circuitry including:

a first anti-aliasing filter to receive signals at an input IF frequency from said frequency conversion circuitry;

a limiting amplifier connected to said first anti-aliasing filter; and

a second anti-aliasing filter connected to said limiting amplifier and producing an output signal that is subsequently sampled at a sampling frequency;

said input IF frequency, said sampling frequency, said first anti-aliasing filter, or said second anti-aliasing filter being selected and adjusted so that distortion rejection meets a desired level after sampling at an internal signal frequency.

6. An automatic gain control amplifier, comprising:

a variable gain amplifier having an input and an internal node, having a plurality of discrete selectable gain levels and having negligible phase shift variation between said discrete selectable gain levels;

an input impedance connected between said internal node and said input;

a feedback impedance connected between said internal node and an output of said amplifier, said plurality of discrete gain levels being dependent upon said feedback impedance and said input impedance; and

a variable input compensation impedance connected between said internal node and a common mode voltaie, said variable input compensation impedance combining with said input impedance to maintain constant the impedance seen by said amplifier at said internal node;

wherein said amplifier has a constant loop gain over all of said plurality of discrete gain levels; and

wherein said input impedance is a variable input impedance and said discrete gain levels are adjusted by varying said variable input impedance.

7. The automatic gain control amplifier of claim 6, wherein said variable gain amplifier has a substantially constant bandwidth over all of said discrete selectable gain levels.

8. A variable gain amplifier, comprising:

an amplifier having an input and an internal node;

a feedback impedance connected between said internal node and an output of said amplifier;

an input impedance connected between said internal node and said input;

said amplifier having a plurality of discrete gain levels dependent upon said feedback impedance and said input impedance and having negligible phase shift variation between said discrete gain levels; and

a variable input compensation impedance connected between said internal node and a common mode voltage, said variable input compensation impedance combining with said input impedance to maintain constant the impedance seen by said amplifier at said internal node;

wherein said amplifier has a constant loop gain over all of said plurality of discrete gain levels; and

wherein said input impedance is a variable input impedance and said discrete gain levels are adjusted by varying said variable input impedance.

9. The variable gain amplifier of claim 8, wherein said input impedance and said variable input compensation impedance are implemented as capacitor networks.

10. The variable gain amplifier of claim 9, wherein said input impedance and said variable input compensation impedance are implemented as a single capacitor network.

11. The variable gain amplifier of claim 10, wherein said single capacitor network includes a plurality of capacitors connected to said internal node and alternatively connected to said input or to said common mode voltage.

12. A variable gain amplifier, comprising:

an amplifier having an input and an internal node;

a feedback impedance connected between said internal node and an output of said amplifier;

an input impedance connected between said internal node and said input;

said amplifier having a plurality of discrete gain levels dependent upon said feedback impedance and said input impedance and having negligible phase shift variation between said discrete gain levels; and

a variable previous-stage compensation impedance connected between said input and a common mode voltage, said variable previous-stage compensation impedance combining with said input impedance to maintain constant a load impedance seen by previous-stage circuitry;

wherein said amplifier has a constant loop gain over all of said plurality of discrete gain levels; and

wherein said input impedance is a variable input impedance and said discrete gain levels are adjusted by varying said variable input impedance.

13. The variable gain amplifier of claim 12, wherein said input impedance and said variable previous-stage compensation impedance are implemented as capacitor networks.

14. A method for switching between discrete gain level settings in a variable gain amplifier without introducing phase shift variations, comprising:

providing an amplifier having a plurality of discrete gain level settings defined by a ratio of a variable input impedance to a feedback impedance, said amplifier comprising;

an input and an internal node;

said feedback impedance connected between said internal node and an output of said amplifier;

said variable input impedance connected between said internal node and said input, said discrete gain levels being adjusted by varying said variable input impedance; and

a variable input compensation impedance connected between said internal node and a common mode voltage, said variable input compensation impedance combining with said input impedance to maintain constant the impedance seen by said amplifier at said internal node;

adjusting said variable input impedance to select one of said plurality of discrete gain level settings; and

adjusting a variable input compensation impedance to compensate for changes in said variable input impedance to keep constant a loop gain of said amplifier over all of said discrete gain level settings and to inhibit introduction of phase shift variation between said discrete gain level settings.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said adjusting steps include alternatively connecting capacitors to an input node of said amplifier or ground through switches.

16. Digital clock adjust circuitry, comprising:

control circuitry receiving a digital clock signal and providing an adjusted clock signal having a first edge produced by allowing a first edge of said digital clock signal to pass through and a second edge triggered by a digital feedback signal; and

a feedback network connected between an output and input of said control circuitry to produce said digital feedback signal.

17. The digital clock adjust circuitry of claim 16, wherein said first edge is a jitter-free edge.

18. The digital clock adjust circuitry of claim 16, wherein said feedback network includes a first filter connected to said adjusted clock signal to provide a first output signal, a second filter connected to an inverse of said adjusted clock signal to provide a second output signal, and a comparator connected to said first and second output signals from said first and second filters and producing said feedback signal when said second output signal exceeds said first output signal.

19. The digital clock adjust circuitry of claim 16, wherein said feedback network acts to move said feedback triggered second edge within a period of said adjusted clock signal such that a portion of said period before said feedback triggered second edge is about 50%.

20. The digital clock adjust circuitry of claim 19, wherein said control circuitry includes a monostable multi-vibrator connected to said digital clock signal to force said digital clock signal to have a less than 50% duty cycle.

21. A discrete time sampling circuit, comprising:

a switched capacitor network connected to an input signal; and

clock adjust circuitry receiving a digital clock signal and providing an adjusted clock signal to time said switched capacitor network, said adjusted clock signal having a jitter-free first edge and having a second edge triggered by a feedback signal.

22. The discrete time sampling circuit of claim 21, wherein clock adjust circuitry provides said jitter-free first edge by passing through a first edge of said digital clock signal.

23. The discrete time sampling circuit of claim 21, further comprising clock timing circuitry receiving said adjusted clock signal and providing to said switched capacitor network a first sampling signal based upon said feedback triggered second edge and a second sampling signal based upon said jitter-free first edge.

24. The discrete time sampling circuit of claim 21, wherein said jitter-free first edge is a rising clock signal and said feedback triggered second edge is a falling clock edge.

25. The discrete time sampling circuit of claim 21, wherein a portion of each period of said adjusted clock signal after said jitter-free edge is about 50%.

26. A method for adjusting a digital clock signal, comprising:

receiving a digital clock signal having a first and second edge within each clock cycle;

providing a first jitter-free output edge by passing through said first edge of said digital clock signal;

generating a feedback signal from said digital clock signal; and

triggering a second output edge based upon said feedback signal, said first jitter-free output edge and said second output edge defining an output clock cycle.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein said first edge of said digital clock signal is a rising edge and said second edge of said digital clock signal is a falling edge.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein said generating step comprises generating a feedback signal that adjusts a duty cycle of said digital clock signal to provide said output clock cycle with an approximately 50% duty cycle.

29. An inverting input amplifier, comprising:

an amplifier having a finite input impedance at an operating frequency of said amplifier and having a gain that is approximately equal to a ratio of two impedances; and

a shunt feedback resistor connected between an input and an output of said amplifier to adjust said finite input impedance to match a desired value;

wherein said amplifier is an operational amplifier having a gain set by an input capacitor connected to a negative terminal of said operational amplifier and a feedback capacitor connected between an output of said operational amplifier and said negative terminal.

30. The inverting input amplifier of claim 29, further comprising a resistor connected between said output of said operational amplifier and said negative terminal to handle DC levels, said resistor and said feedback capacitor having a break frequency substantially below said operating frequency of said amplifier.

31. A low power, matched impedance input amplifier for an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver, comprising:

an inverting amplifier with controlled closed loop gain receiving an IF signal from a crystal filter;

a shunt feedback resistor connected between an input and an output of said amplifier to adjust said input impedance to match a load impedance desired by said crystal filter;

wherein said amplifier is an operational amplifier having a gain set by an input capacitor connected to a negative terminal of said operational amplifier and a feedback capacitor connected between an output of said operational amplifier and said negative terminal.

32. A method for providing matched impedance amplification with low power requirements for an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver, comprising:

providing an inverting amplifier with a controlled closed loop gain receiving an IF signal from a crystal filter; and

connecting a shunt feedback resistor between an output and an input of said amplifier to match an input impedance of said amplifier with a load impedance desired by said crystal filter;

wherein said providing step includes providing an operational amplifier having a gain set by an input capacitor connected to a negative terminal of said operational amplifier and a feedback capacitor connected between an output of said operational amplifier and said negative terminal.

33. A method for reducing aliased distortions in a discrete-time sampling receiver, comprising:

providing a first anti-aliasing filter to receive a signal at an input frequency;

providing a limiting amplifier connected to said first anti-aliasing filter;

providing a second anti-aliasing filter connected to said limiting amplifier and producing an output that is to be subsequently sampled at a sampling frequency;

estimating frequency ranges for potentially interfering distortions;

determining rejection of distortions for said first anti-aliasing filter, said limiting amplifier circuitry, and said second anti-aliasing filter in said frequency ranges;

adjusting parameters of at least one of said input frequency, said sampling frequency, said first anti-aliasing filter, or said second anti-aliasing filter; and

repeating said estimating, said determining and said adjusting steps until said distortion rejection meets a desired level of distortion rejection.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein said receiver is a receive section of a discrete-time sampling intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver, and wherein said input frequency and said internal signal frequency are IF signals.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein said adjusting step comprises adjusting only said sampling frequency.

36. The method of claim 33, wherein said adjusting step comprises adjusting only at least one of said sampling frequency or said input frequency.

37. The method of claim 33, wherein said sampling frequency is below said input frequency.

38. The method of claim 33, wherein said estimating step comprises:

estimating a frequency range of potentially interfering distortions passed by said first anti-aliasing filter;

estimating frequency ranges for harmonics of said frequency range of potentially interfering distortions;

estimating frequency ranges for aliased harmonic frequency ranges due to sampling at said sampling frequency; and

identifying aliased frequency ranges that include a desired after-sampling internal signal frequency as frequency ranges for potentially interfering distortions.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein said determining step comprises determining rejection of distortion terms for said first anti-aliasing filter, said limiting amplifier, and said second anti-aliasing filter in each of said aliased frequency ranges that include said desired after-sampling internal signal frequency.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein said first anti-aliasing filter is a crystal filter.

41. Anti-aliasing circuitry for a discrete-time sampling receiver section of an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver, comprising:

a first anti-aliasing filter to receive a signal at an input frequency;

a limiting amplifier connected to said first anti-aliasing filter; and

a second anti-aliasing filter connected to said limiting amplifier and producing an output that is to be subsequently sampled at a sampling frequency;

said input frequency, said sampling frequency, said first anti-aliasing filter, or said second anti-aliasing filter being selected so that rejection of distortion terms meets a desired level of distortion rejection at a desired after-sampling internal signal frequency.

42. The anti-aliasing circuitry of claim 41, wherein said discrete-time sampling receiver is a receive section of an intermediate frequency (IF) transceiver and wherein said input frequency and said internal signal frequency are IF frequencies.

43. The anti-aliasing circuitry of claim 41, wherein said first anti-aliasing filter is a crystal filter.

44. The anti-aliasing circuitry of claim 41, wherein said second anti-aliasing filter is an LC tank.

45. The anti-aliasing circuitry of claim 41, wherein said sampling frequency is below said input frequency.

46. The anti-aliasing circuitry of claim 41, wherein said limiting amplifier includes a fixed gain input amplifier and an automatic gain control amplifier.