Efficient cone-beam reconstruction system using circle-and-line orbit data

• US 6,148,056 A
• Filed: 02/22/1999
• Issued: 11/14/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 02/22/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Lin, Wen-Tai, Yavuz, Mehmet
• Primary Examiner(s): BRUCE, DAVID VERNON
• Application Number:
  US09/253,706
• Time in Patent Office: 631 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/15, 378/901
• US Class Current: 378/4
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/027 characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5258 involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/006 Inverse problem, transformation from projection-space into object-space, e.g. transform methods, back-projection, algebraic methods
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

A system is provided for reconstructing x-ray tomographic images based upon the circle-and-line orbit. The system includes the steps of combining, in the frequency domain, images reconstructed separately from the circular and linear orbit data. Specifically, the method involves the steps of (1) converting the shadow zone into a shadow cone in frequency domain, (2) mapping the shadow cone in 3D Fourier space onto a set of 2D Fourier planes, (3) removing data lying within the region marked as the projection of the shadow cone from the Fourier transform of the circular orbit data and patching the same from the Fourier transform of the line orbit data, (4) transforming each 2D Fourier plane into a respective 2D image plane, and (5) converting the horn-shaped volume back to a grid volume. An interpolation technique is also provided for reconstructing the line orbit data using a Direct Fourier method (DFM).

Claims

1. A method of reconstructing x-ray tomographic images comprising data from a circular orbit and data from a linear orbit, based on a shadow zone formed by projecting data of the circular orbit, such method comprising the steps of:

representing the image obtained from the circular orbit in a circular horn-shaped volume;

representing the image obtained from the linear orbit in a corresponding linear horn-shaped volume;

converting 2D images in the vertical planes of each said circular horn-shaped volume and each said linear horn-shaped volume into a plurality of 2D Fourier planes;

removing projections of a 3D shadow cone in each of said 2D Fourier planes from the circular orbit data and replacing said projections with the corresponding projections obtained from the linear orbit data, so as to generate a plurality of repaired 2D Fourier planes;

conducting an inverse 2D Fourier Transform on said plurality of repaired 2D Fourier planes to obtain a respective plurality of 2D image planes, representing a resulting horn-shaped volume; and

converting said resulting horn-shaped volume back to the x-ray tomographic image.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of representing the image obtained from the circular orbit further comprises the step of selecting a shadow cone having a subtended angle of 2θ

_o, wherein said angle θ

_o, is defined as the angle which identifies the limit of said shadow zone in radon space.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said step of representing the image obtained from the linear orbit further comprises the step of generating a plurality of vertical image slices from the linear orbit data to form said linear horn-shaped volume.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein said step of generating a plurality of vertical image slices further comprises the step of reconstructing a plurality of parallel beams generated from a projection of the linear orbit data.

5. The method as recited in claim 4, further comprising the step of using a filtered back-projection method to reconstruct said plurality of vertical image slices.

6. The method as recited in claim 4, further comprising the step of using a Direct Fourier Method to reconstruct said plurality of vertical image slices.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein said step of using a Direct Fourier Method, further comprises the step of using inverse bilinear interpolation to convert data from the polar grid to the rectangular grid.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein said step of performing inverse bilinear interpolation further comprises the step of performing inverse bilinear interpolation on each line orbit Fourier datum value "x" with respect to the four nearest grid locations, g_ij, g_i +1_j, g_ij +1 and g_i +1_j +1.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein said step of performing inverse bilinear interpolation on each said line orbit datum value, "x," further comprises the step of determining a normalized sub-area, a₀₀, a₀₁, a₁₀, a₁₁, between a location of each respective said line orbit datum value "x," and each of the said four nearest grid locations, g_ij, g_i +1_j, g_ij +1 and g_i +1_j +1.

10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising the step of collecting for each grid point, g_i,j, adjacent to a respective said line orbit datum value, "x" and assigning a weight, w_ij.

11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein said step of determining a normalized sub-area further comprises the step of updating each said grid location according to the following equalities:

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g.sub.ij =g.sub.ij +a.sub.11 x

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g.sub.i+1,j =g.sub.i+1,j +a.sub.01 x

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g.sub.i,j+1 =g.sub.i,j+1 +a.sub.10 x

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">g.sub.i+1,j+1 =g.sub.i+1,j+1 +a.sub.00 x.

12. The method as recited in claim 11, further comprising the step of normalizing each grid data, g_ij by dividing a respective g_ij by w_ij.

13. An apparatus for reconstructing x-ray tomographic images comprising data from a circular orbit and data from a linear orbit, based on a shadow zone formed by projecting data of the circular orbit, such apparatus comprising:

means for representing the image obtained from the circular orbit in a circular horn-shaped volume;

means for representing the image obtained from the linear orbit in a corresponding linear horn-shaped volume;

means for converting 2D images in the vertical planes of each said circular horn-shaped volume and each said linear horn-shaped volume into a plurality of 2D Fourier planes;

means for removing projections of a 3D shadow cone in each of said 2D Fourier planes from the circular orbit data and replacing said projections with the corresponding projections obtained from the linear orbit data, so as to generate a plurality of repaired 2D Fourier planes;

means for conducting an inverse 2D Fourier Transform on said plurality of repaired 2D Fourier planes to obtain a respective plurality of 2D image planes, representing a resulting horn-shaped volume; and

means for converting said resulting horn-shaped volume back to the x-ray tomographic image.

14. The apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein said means for representing the image obtained from the circular orbit further comprises means for selecting a shadow cone having a subtended angle of 2θ

_o, wherein said angle θ

_o, is defined as the angle which identifies the limit of said shadow zone in radon space.

15. The apparatus as recited in claim 13, wherein said means for representing the image obtained from the linear orbit further comprises means for generating a plurality of vertical image slices from the linear orbit data to form said linear horn-shaped volume.

16. The apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein said means for generating a plurality of vertical image slices further comprises means for reconstructing a plurality of parallel beams generated from a projection of the linear orbit data.

17. The apparatus as recited in claim 16, further comprising means for using a filtered back-projection method to reconstruct said plurality of vertical image slices.

18. The apparatus as recited in claim 16, further comprising means for using a Direct Fourier Method to reconstruct said plurality of vertical image slices.

19. The apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein said Direct Fourier Method means, further comprises means for using inverse bilinear interpolation to convert data from the polar grid to the rectangular grid.