Gas generant composition

• US 6,149,745 A
• Filed: 05/12/1998
• Issued: 11/21/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/27/1994
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries Limited (Daicel Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries Limited (Daicel Corporation)
• Inventors: Iyoshi, Shuzo, Matsuda, Naoki, Hirata, Norimasa
• Primary Examiner(s): Nelson, Peter A.
• Application Number:
  US09/076,131
• Time in Patent Office: 924 Days
• Field of Search: 149/35
• US Class Current: 149/35
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 23/001 Fillers, gelling and thickening agents (e.g. fibres) , absorbents for nitroglycerine binders, plasticisers for propellants C06B45/10; crosslinking or curing agents C06B45/10
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 35/00 Compositions containing a metal azide
• CPC Class Codes: C06D 5/06 by reaction of two or more solids

Abstract

Provided is a gas generant composition which is improved in the self-retainability of a solid residue and has an excellent combustion speed. The gas generant composition contains a fuel comprising a metal azide or an organic compound, an oxidizing agent, and at least one additive selected from a ceramic whisker or fiber of aluminum borate, potassium titanate, alumina, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, and zinc oxide.

Claims

1. A gas generant composition comprising

a fuel source, wherein said fuel source comprises

an organic compound,

an oxidizing agent, and

at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a ceramic whisker or fiber, said ceramic whisker or fiber being selected from the group consisting of aluminum borate, potassium titanate, aluminum silicate, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide.

3. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein one of said ceramic whisker or fiber is selected from the group consisting of an aluminum borate whisker, a potassium titanate whisker, an aluminum silicate fiber, and a zirconium oxide fiber.

4. The gas generant of claims 1, or 2 or 3, wherein said ceramic whisker or fiber has a heat conductivity of 100 w/mk or less, a length of 5 to 500 μ

m, a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μ

m, and an aspect ratio of 3 to 2000.

5. The gas generant composition of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein said ceramic whisker or fiber is present at a concentration of 3 to 30 weight % based on the composition.

6. The gas generant composition of claims 1, or 2 or 3, wherein said organic compound is selected from the group consisting of nitroguanidine, 5-amino-tetrazole, dicyandiamide (DCDA) and a metal salt of carbohydrazide.

7. The gas generant composition of claim 6, wherein the metal salt of carbohydrazide is magnesium carbohydrazide (MgCDH).

8. The gas generant composition of claims 1, or 2 or 3, wherein said oxidizing agent comprises at least one of the following:

an alkaline metal salt;

an alkaline earth metal salt;

an ammonium salt of nitric acid, nitrous acid, chloric acid, or perchlorate acid; and

a metal oxide.

9. The gas generant composition of claim 8, wherein said oxidizing agent is potassium nitrate, strontium nitrate, or copper oxide.

10. The gas generant composition of claims 1, or 2 or 3, comprising 5 to 60 weight % of the organic compound, 30 to 90 weight % of the oxidizing agent, and 3 to 30 weight % of the ceramic whisker or fiber.

11. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprisesto 40 weight % of MgCDH, and

5 to 20 weight % of DCDA;

said oxidizing agent comprises

30 to 70 weight % of strontium nitrate; and

said additive is present in an amount of 3 to 15 weight %.

12. The gas generant composition as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprises

5 to 25 weight % of DCDA;

said oxidizing agent comprises

26 to 60 weight % of strontium nitrate, and

30 to 65 weight % of copper oxide; and

said additive is present in an amount of 3 to 15 weight %;

wherein said composition further comprises 3 to 10 weight % of a sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose.

13. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprises

5 to 25 weight % of DCDA;

said oxidizing agent comprises

30 to 70 weight % of potassium nitrate, and

20 to 40 weight % of copper oxide; and

said additive is present in an amount of 1 to 15 weight %.

14. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprisesto 65 weight % of nitroguanidine;

said oxidizing agent comprises

30 to 60 weight % of potassium nitrate; and

said additive is present in an amount of 3 to 15 weight %.

15. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprisesto 65 weight % of nitroguanidine;

said oxidizing agent comprises

30 to 60 weight % of strontium nitrate; and

said additive is present in an amount of 3 to 15 weight %.

16. The gas generant composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein

said organic compound comprisesto 65 weight % of nitroguanidine;

said oxidizing agent comprises

30 to 65 weight % of copper oxide; and

said additive is present in an mount of 3 to 15 weight %.

2. A gas generant composition comprising

a fuel source, said fuel source comprising an organic compound;

an oxidizing agent; and

at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a ceramic whisker and fiber, wherein the ceramic whisker and fiber have a heat conductivity of 100 w/mk or less, a length of 5 to 500 μ

m, a diameter of 0.1 to 10 μ

m, and an aspect ratio of 3 to 2000.

17. A gas generant composition comprising

a fuel source, wherein said fuel source comprises

an organic compound,

an oxidizing agent, and

at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a ceramic whisker or fiber, said ceramic whisker or fiber being selected from the group consisting of aluminum borate, potassium titanate, aluminum silicate, zirconium oxide and zinc oxide, wherein the zinc oxide whisker or zinc oxide fiber has an aspect ratio of 3 to 2000.