Laser director for fire evacuation path

• US 6,150,943 A
• Filed: 07/14/1999
• Issued: 11/21/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 07/14/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: American Xtal Technology, Inc.
• Original Assignee: American Xtal Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Hreha, Michael A., Lehman, Mark R., Gechtman, Dan, Fuller, Jerome Keith
• Primary Examiner(s): Lieu, Julie
• Application Number:
  US09/353,162
• Time in Patent Office: 496 Days
• Field of Search: 340/628, 340/632, 340/691.1, 340/326, 340/331, 340/332, 362/259
• US Class Current: 340/628
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 7/062 indicating emergency exits
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 7/066 guiding along a path, e.g. evacuation path lighting strip

Abstract

A device for projecting an escape path to direct evacuation from a fire includes a plurality of laser diode projectors secured within a housing and aimed to project successive rays or images along a predetermined escape path. The images may comprise arrow indicators, graphics, or alphanumeric indicators. The laser beams are emitted through the same window in the housing to minimize heat infiltration into the housing. The laser diodes are triggered by an alarm condition, such as direct actuation by a smoke sensor, IR detector, or the like, or secondary actuation in response to the audio alarm signal of a primary fire alarm. For actuation by a primary alarm system, a microphone input is amplified and fed to a microprocessor. The microprocessor is programmed to digitally filter and process the signal to determine the presence of a primary alarm signal, and actuate a fire escape path illuminating module. The audio pickup includes a pair of microphones spaced apart approximately one-half wavelength of the primary alarm signal to avoid acoustic standing wave problems, the microphones switching periodically to acquire the best signal. The microprocessor operates in a low power mode, and activates only when the microphone signal exceeds a predetermined level. A housing for the system is mounted in the opposed arms of a C-shaped bracket, so that the housing may rotate (yaw) through a large angle and tilt (pitch) through an angular range to orient the projection of the fire escape path indicators.

Claims

1. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting at least one evacuation path indicator along said fire escape path;

said means for sensing an alarm condition including a primary fire alarm system extrinsic to said device and adapted to generate an audio alarm signal in response to a fire;

further including means for detecting said audio alarm signal and generating said alarm actuating signal in response thereto;

said means for detecting said audio alarm signal including audio pickup means for receiving ambient sound and generating an ambient sound signal, and means for detecting a valid audio alarm signal in said ambient sound signal;

said audio pickup means including a pair of microphones, and switching means for selecting the strongest ambient sound signal from said pair of microphones.

2. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting at least one evacuation path indicator along said fire escape path;

a housing enclosing said means for sensing and means for responding, said housing having a generally closed curved shape defining an enclosed interior space; and

,

a pair of microphone receptacles formed in said housing and separate from said enclosed interior space, said microphone receptacles having openings to receive ambient sound.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein said means for sensing an alarm condition includes a primary fire alarm system extrinsic to said device and adapted to generate an audio alarm signal in response to a fire;

said audio alarm signal having a nominal wavelength, and said microphone receptacles being spaced apart approximately one-half of said nominal wavelength.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein said microphone openings include exterior grill portions in said housing.

5. The device of claim 2, further including a test pushbutton secured to said housing and extending partially therefrom, said pushbutton being disposed medially of said pair of microphones.

6. A method for directing occupants of a burning building to a designated exit, including the steps of:

providing a path indicating device mounted on an upper structural surface in the building;

detecting an alarm condition caused by a building fire;

actuating a light projection module in said path indicating device to project at least one escape path indicator;

said detecting step including the step of monitoring ambient sound and detecting the audio alarm signal of a primary fire alarm;

said detecting step including providing a pair of microphones, and alternatively monitoring signals from the pair of microphones to detect the audio alarm signal.

7. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting at least one evacuation path indicator along said fire escape path;

said means for sensing an alarm condition including a primary fire alarm system extrinsic to said device and adapted to generate an audio alarm signal in response to a fire;

means for detecting said audio alarm signal and generating said alarm actuating signal in response thereto, said means for detecting said audio alarm signal including a pair of microphones.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein said microphones are spaced apart a distance approximately equal to one-half wavelength of said audio alarm signal, whereby standing wave effects are neutralized.

9. The device of claim 7, wherein said means for detecting said audio alarm signal and generating said alarm actuating signal includes a microprocessor having programming means for carrying out a series of actions in an ordered manner.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein said programming means includes the step of switching between the signals of said pair of microphones to select the strongest ambient sound signal from said pair of microphones.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein said programming means includes the step of carrying out a digital filtering process to said ambient sound signal to pass only those frequencies within a passband that contains the frequency of said audio alarm signal.

12. The device of claim 11, wherein said programming means includes the step of invalidating the ambient sound signal if the ambient sound signal has been clipped.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein said programming means includes the step of invalidating the ambient sound signal if the amplitude variation of the ambient sound signal is greater than a predetermined value.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein said programming means includes the step of counting the cycles of the ambient sound signal, and invalidating the ambient sound signal if the cycle count is outside a predetermined range.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein said programming means includes a hits counter, and including the step of incrementing the hits counter at each validated instance of detection of an audio alarm signal.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein said programming means includes the step of generating said alarm actuating signal whenever said hits counter exceeds a predetermined value.

17. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting a plurality of evacuation path indicators along said fire escape path;

wherein said path indicators includes a plurality of light beam projectors disposed within a common housing; and

,

mounting means for supporting said housing in angularly adjustable fashion to permit simultaneous aiming of said plurality of light beam projectors toward the fire escape path.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein said light beam projectors are flashed alternately and sequentially to indicate a preferred direction of evacuation along said fire escape path.

19. The device of claim 17, further including pushbutton means for generating a brief alarm actuating signal and causing said at least one path indicator to be actuated.

20. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting a plurality of evacuation path indicators along said fire escape path;

wherein said path indicators includes a plurality of light beam projectors disposed within a common housing; and

,

an opening in said housing through which said light beam projectors transmit respective light beams in mutually angularly diverging fashion to said fire escape path.

21. The device of claim 20, further including mounting means for supporting said common housing on a wall or ceiling surface, said light beam projectors being directed obliquely downwardly from the mounting means toward a floor surface.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein said mounting means includes means for selectively adjusting the yaw angle of said common housing to aim said plurality of light beam projectors in a horizontal plane.

23. The device of claim 21, wherein said mounting means includes means for selectively adjusting the pitch angle of said common housing to air said plurality of light beam projectors in a vertical plane.

24. The device of claim 20, wherein said opening in said common housing includes a transparent window through which said plurality of light beam projectors are directed, said transparent window blocking infiltration of hot air into said common housing.

25. The device of claim 20, wherein said plurality of light beam projectors includes a plurality of laser diode projection units.

26. The device of claim 25, wherein said light beam projectors including means for projecting indicia denoting said preferred direction of evacuation.

27. The device of claim 20, said common housing enclosing said means for sensing and means for responding, said housing having a generally closed curved shape defining an enclosed interior space.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein said mounting means includes a mounting bracket adapted to be secured to a structural surface, said bracket including spaced apart, opposed arms, said arms including like distal portions dimensioned to secure said housing therebetween in rotatable fashion about a yaw axis.

29. The device of claim 28, further including means interposed between said like distal portions and said housing for selectively rotating said housing about a pitch axis.

30. The device of claim 27, further including a transparent window portion of said housing, said window portion transmitting said at least one evacuation path indicator and blocking intrusion of hot air into said housing.

31. A device for directing evacuation during a fire by illuminating a fire escape path, including:

means for sensing an alarm condition indicative of a fire emergency and generating an alarm actuating signal;

means for responding to said alarm actuating signal by projecting a plurality of evacuation path indicators along said fire escape path;

wherein said path indicators includes a plurality of light beam projectors disposed within a common housing; and

,

said light beam projectors including means for projecting indicia denoting a preferred direction of evacuation along said fire escape path.

32. A method for directing occupants of a burning building to a designated exit, including the steps of:

providing a path indicating device mounted on an upper structural surface in the building;

detecting an alarm condition caused by a building fire;

actuating a light projection module in said path indicating device to project a plurality of light beams from a plurality of light beam projector within said path indicating device toward an adjacent floor surface;

further including the step of rotating said path indicating device about yaw and pitch axes to aim said light projection module toward a designated escape path.

33. The method of claim 32, further including the step of alternating actuation of said light beams serially and sequentially to indicate a preferred direction along the escape path.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein said detecting step includes the step of monitoring ambient sound and detecting the audio alarm signal of a primary fire alarm.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said detecting step further includes the step of operating the path indicating device in a low power consuming sleep mode, and waking the device only when ambient sound exceeds a predetermined level.