Data transaction typing for improved caching and prefetching characteristics

• US 6,151,662 A
• Filed: 12/02/1997
• Issued: 11/21/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: GlobalFoundries, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
• Inventors: Christie, David S., McMinn, Brian D., Pickett, James K., Meier, Stephan G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ellis, Kevin L.
• Application Number:
  US08/982,720
• Time in Patent Office: 1,085 Days
• Field of Search: 711/118, 711/132, 711/133, 711/134, 711/138, 711/139, 711/141, 711/145, 711/137, 711/213
• US Class Current: 711/145
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0862 with prefetch
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0888 using selective caching, e.g. bypass
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/6028 Prefetching based on hints or prefetch instructions
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/30047 Prefetch instructions; cache control instructions
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/30192 according to data descriptor, e.g. dynamic data typing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/345 of multiple operands or results addressing multiple banks G06F12/06
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/383 Operand prefetching cache prefetching G06F12/0862

Abstract

A microprocessor assigns a data transaction type to each instruction. The data transaction type is based upon the encoding of the instruction, and indicates an access mode for memory operations corresponding to the instruction. The access mode may, for example, specify caching and prefetching characteristics for the memory operation. The access mode for each data transaction type is selected to enhance the speed of access by the microprocessor to the data, or to enhance the overall cache and prefetching efficiency of the microprocessor by inhibiting caching and/or prefetching for those memory operations. Instead of relying on data memory access patterns and overall program behavior to determine caching and prefetching operations, these operations are determined on an instruction-by-instruction basis. Additionally, the data transaction types assigned to different instruction encodings may be revealed to program developers. Program developers may use the instruction encodings (and instruction encodings which are assigned to a nil data transaction type causing a default access mode) to optimize use of processor resources during program execution.

Claims

1. A microprocessor comprising:

a decode unit coupled to receive an instruction and configured to determine a first data transaction type corresponding to said instruction, wherein said first data transaction type is one of a plurality of data transaction types; and

a load/store unit coupled to receive said first data transaction type if said instruction includes a memory operation, wherein said load/store unit is configured to determine an access mode for said memory operation in response to said first data transaction type, wherein said access mode comprises;

(i) a cacheability mode indicating whether or not data corresponding to said memory operation is cacheable, wherein said cacheability mode indicates non-cacheable for at least one of said plurality of data transaction types; and

(ii) a prefetch mode indicating a prefetch strategy corresponding to said memory operation.

2. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1, wherein said decode unit is configured to determine said first data transaction type responsive to a redundant encoding of said instruction.

3. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1, wherein said decode unit is configured to determine said first data transaction type responsive to hint bits of said instruction.

4. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1, wherein said decode unit is configured to determine said first data transaction type responsive to an addressing mode of said instruction.

5. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first data transaction type comprises a nil data transaction type.

6. The microprocessor as recited in claim 5 wherein said access mode comprises a default access mode.

7. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first data transaction type comprises a stack frame data transaction type indicating that said memory operation accesses a stack frame.

8. The microprocessor as recited in claim 7 wherein said cacheability mode indicates that data corresponding to said memory operation is cacheable.

9. The microprocessor as recited in claim 8 wherein said prefetch mode indicates inhibiting said microprocessor from prefetching in response to said memory operation.

10. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first data transaction type comprises an array data transaction type indicating that said memory operation is accessing an element of an array.

11. The microprocessor as recited in claim 10 wherein said cacheability mode indicates that data corresponding to said memory operation is cacheable.

12. The microprocessor as recited in claim 11 wherein said prefetch mode indicates that said microprocessor prefetch data consecutive to data accessed in response to said memory operation.

13. The microprocessor as recited in claim 1 wherein said first data transaction type comprises a pointer data transaction type indicating that said memory operation is a pointer access.

14. The microprocessor as recited in claim 13 wherein said access mode includes a non-cacheable indication indicating that data corresponding to said memory operation is non-cacheable.

15. The microprocessor as recited in claim 14 wherein said access mode further includes a prefetch indication that said data corresponding to said memory operation specifies a prefetch address.

16. A method for categorizing a memory operation comprising:

decoding an instruction to determine a first data transaction type corresponding to said instruction, wherein said first data transaction type is one of a plurality of data transaction types; and

accessing data corresponding to said instruction using an access mode responsive to said data transaction type, wherein said access mode comprises;

(i) a cacheability mode indicating whether or not said data is cacheable, wherein said cacheability mode indicates non-cacheable for at least one of said plurality of data transaction types; and

(ii) a prefetch mode indicating a prefetch strategy corresponding to said memory operation.

17. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said first data transaction type comprises a stack frame data transaction type, and wherein said cacheability mode indicates cacheable, and wherein said prefetch mode indicates inhibited prefetching.

18. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said first data transaction type comprises an array data transaction type, and wherein said cacheability mode indicates cacheable, and wherein said prefetch mode indicates prefetching of data consecutive to said data.

19. The method as recited in claim 16 wherein said first data transaction type comprises a nil data transaction type, and wherein said access mode comprises a default access mode.

20. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said first data transaction type is specified by a redundant encoding of said instruction.

21. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said first data transaction type is specified by hint bits of said instruction.

22. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein said first data transaction type is specified by an addressing mode of said instruction.

23. A microprocessor comprising:

a decode unit coupled to receive an instruction and configured to determine a data transaction type corresponding to said instruction; and

a load/store unit coupled to receive said data transaction type if said instruction includes a memory operation, wherein said load/store unit is configured to determine an access mode for said memory operation in response to said data transaction type, wherein said data transaction type comprises a pointer data transaction type indicating that said memory operation is a pointer access, wherein said access mode includes a non-cacheable indication indicating that data corresponding to said memory operation is non-cacheable.

24. The microprocessor as recited in claim 23 wherein said access mode further includes a prefetch indication that said data corresponding to said memory operation specifies a prefetch address.

25. A method for categorizing a memory operation comprising:

decoding an instruction to determine a data transaction type corresponding to said instruction, wherein said data transaction type comprises a pointer data transaction type; and

accessing data corresponding to said instruction using an access mode responsive to said data transaction type, wherein said access mode comprises;

(i) a cacheability mode indicating whether or not said data is cacheable; and

(ii) a prefetch mode indicating a prefetch strategy corresponding to said memory operation, and wherein said cacheability mode indicates non-cacheable, and wherein said prefetch mode indicates prefetching using said data as a prefetch address.

26. A computer system comprising:

a microprocessor including;

a decode unit coupled to receive an instruction and configured to determine a first data transaction type corresponding to said instruction, wherein said first data transaction type is one of a plurality of data transaction types;

a load/store unit coupled to receive said first data transaction type if said instruction includes a memory operation, wherein said load/store unit is configured to determine an access mode for said memory operation in response to said first data transaction type, wherein said access mode comprises;

(i) a cacheability mode indicating whether or not data corresponding to said memory operation is cacheable, wherein said cacheability indication indicates non-cacheable for at least one of said plurality of data transaction types; and

(ii) a prefetch mode indicating a prefetch strategy corresponding to said memory operation; and

an input/output (I/O) device configured to communicate between said computer system and another computer system to which said I/O device is capable of being coupled.

27. The computer system as recited in claim 26, wherein said input/output (I/O) device is a modem.

28. The computer system as recited in claim 26 further comprising an audio input/output (I/O) device.