Method and apparatus for mirroring blocks of information in a disc drive storage system

• US 6,151,665 A
• Filed: 03/26/1999
• Issued: 11/21/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Original Assignee: EMC Corporation (Dell Technologies Inc.)
• Inventors: Blumenau, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Yoo, Do Hyun
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, THAN VINH
• Application Number:
  US09/277,272
• Time in Patent Office: 606 Days
• Field of Search: 711/100-114, 711/157-165, 707/202-205, 714/1-6
• US Class Current: 711/162
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/065 Replication mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0689 Disk arrays, e.g. RAID, JBOD
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00007 Time or data compression or expansion audio compression based on psychoacoustics G10L19/00; data processing for reproducing audio data at different playback speeds G10L21/04; video compression H04N19/00; data compression per se H03M7/30
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1252 for discontinuous data, e.g. digital information signals, computer programme data
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1883 Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1889 with discs
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2020/1232 sector, i.e. the minimal addressable physical data unit
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2020/1267 Address data
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/20 Disc-shaped record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/2516 Hard disks
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 5/012 Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic disks G11B17/00, G11B19/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99953 Recoverability

Abstract

A method and apparatus for managing blocks of information in a disc drive storage system. One embodiment is directed to a disc drive storage system that employs a plurality of disc drives, and that mirrors blocks of information on different physical locations within at least two of the disc drives. Another embodiment is directed to the handling of a hot spot by temporarily employing another disc drive as a temporary mirror to enable parallel access to blocks of information within the hot spot.

Claims

1. A method of managing blocks of information in a computer system, the computer system including a data processing system and a disc drive storage system coupled thereto, wherein the data processing system writes the blocks of information to the disc drive storage system for storage thereon, the disc drive storage system including a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing one of the blocks of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc, the method comprising a step of:

(A) mirroring at least one block of information that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc;

wherein the step (A) is implemented within the disc drive storage system so that in response to a same write I/O operation from the data processing system to the disc drive storage system, the disc drive storage system controls writing of the at least one block of information to both the first disc and the second disc.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein step (A) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc.

3. A method of managing blocks of information to be accessed on a disc drive storage system, the disc drive storage system including a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing one of the blocks of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc, the method comprising steps of:

(A) mirroring at least one block of information that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc; and

(B) mirroring at least one block of information that is written to the second disc at a third physical sector address on the first disc at a fourth physical sector address that is different than the third physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein step (A) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the at least one block of information written to the second disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at a third plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein step (B) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at the third plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at a fourth plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the third plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth plurality of physical sector addresses is a contiguous set of physical sector addresses.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the first disc;

wherein the third plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the second disc;

wherein step (A) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second region on the surface of the second disc, the first region on the first disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to an outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region on the second disc is disposed to an outer edge of the second disc; and

wherein step (B) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the second disc at the third plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at a second region on the surface of the first disc, the first region on the second disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc is disposed to the outer edge of the first disc, the first region on the second disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc, the first region on the first disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc.

8. A method of managing blocks of information to be accessed on a disc drive storage system, the disc drive storage system including a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing one of the blocks of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc, the method comprising a step of:

(A) mirroring at least one block of information that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc;

wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses;

wherein step (A) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc; and

wherein the method further includes a step of;

(B) mirroring a plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at the second plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of the first and second plurality of physical sector addresses is a contiguous set of physical sector addresses.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the first disc and a corresponding first region on the surface of the second disc;

wherein step (A) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second region on the surface of the second disc, the first region on the first disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to an outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc is disposed to an outer edge of the second disc; and

wherein step (B) includes a step of mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the second disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at the second plurality of physical sector addresses, the second plurality of sector addresses defining a second region on the surface of the first disc, the first region on the second disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc is disposed to the outer edge of the first disc, the first region on the second disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc, the first region on the first disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc.

11. A disc drive storage system for use in a computer system including the disc drive storage system and a data processing system, the disc drive storage system to store date written by the data processing system, the disc drive storage system comprising:

a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing a block of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc; and

a controller that, in response to a same write I/O operation from the data processing system to the disc drive storage system, mirrors at least one block of information that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address, on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc.

12. The disc drive storage system of claim 11, wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc.

13. A disc drive storage system, comprising:

a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing a block of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc; and

a controller that mirrors at least one block of information, that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address, on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc;

wherein the controller includes means for mirroring at least one block of information that is written to the second disc at a third physical sector address on the first disc at a fourth physical sector address that is different than the third physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

14. The disc drive storage system of claim 13, wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc.

15. The disc drive storage system of claim 14, wherein the at least one block of information written to the second disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at a third plurality of physical sector addresses, and wherein the controller further includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at the third plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at a fourth plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the third plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

16. The disc drive storage system of claim 15, wherein the controller includes means for forming each of the first, second, third and fourth plurality of physical sector addresses as a contiguous set of physical sector addresses.

17. The disc drive storage system of claim 16, wherein the first plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the first disc;

wherein the third plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the second disc;

wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second region on the surface of the second disc, the first region on the first disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to an outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region on the second disc is disposed to an outer edge of the second disc; and

wherein the controller include means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the second disc at the third plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at a second region on the surface of the first disc, the first region on the second disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc is disposed to the outer edge of the first disc, the first region on the second disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc, the first region on the first disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc.

18. A disc drive storage system, comprising:

a plurality of disc drives that each includes at least one disc, the plurality of disc drives including a first disc drive including a first disc and a second disc drive including a second disc, each of the discs having a surface including a plurality of information tracks, each of the tracks including a plurality of sectors, each sector for storing a block of information, each sector having a physical sector address that identifies a physical location of the sector on the surface of the disc; and

a controller that mirrors at least one block of information, that is written to the first disc at a first physical sector address, on the second disc at a second physical sector address that is different than the first physical sector address so that the at least one block of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc;

wherein the at least one block of information written to the first disc includes a plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at a first plurality of physical sector addresses;

wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second plurality of physical sector addresses that is different than the first plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the first disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the second disc; and

wherein the controller further includes means for mirroring a plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at the second plurality of physical sector addresses so that each of the plurality of blocks of information written to the second disc is mirrored at a different physical location on the first disc.

19. The disc drive storage system of claim 18, wherein the controller includes means for forming each of the first and second plurality of physical sector addresses as a contiguous set of physical sector addresses.

20. The disc drive storage system of claim 19, wherein the first plurality of physical sector addresses defines a first region on the surface of the first disc and a corresponding first region on the surface of the second disc;

wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the first disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the second disc at a second region on the surface of the second disc, the first region on the first disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to an outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc is disposed to an outer edge of the second disc; and

wherein the controller includes means for mirroring each of the plurality of blocks of information that is written to the second disc at the first plurality of physical sector addresses on the first disc at a second region on the surface of the first disc, the first region on the second disc including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc is disposed to the outer edge of the first disc, the first region on the second disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the second disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the second disc, the first region on the first disc further including at least one track that is disposed closer to the outer edge of the first disc than any of the tracks in the second region of the first disc.

21. A method of managing a disc drive storage system in a computer system that includes a data processing system and the disc drive storage system to store information written from the data processing system, the disc drive storage system including a plurality of disc drives that includes at least M disc drives, each of the plurality of disc drives including at least one disc so that the system includes at least M discs corresponding to the M disc drives, the disc drive storage system storing a logical volume including a plurality of blocks of information, each of the M discs storing at least N of the plurality of blocks of information of the logical volume, the method comprising the steps of:

(A) identifying a temporary need for increased performance in accessing at least one of the plurality of blocks of information in the logical volume;

(B) mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive without altering an arrangement of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume stored in the M disc drives; and

(C) performing at least two read operations of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume in parallel from the additional disc drive and at least one of the M disc drives;

wherein the step (B) is implemented within the disc drive storage system so that the disc drive storage system controls writing of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume to the additional disc drive.

22. The method of claim 21, further including a step of discontinuing mirroring of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on the additional disc when the temporary need for increased performance has ended.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the logical volume includes N blocks of information so that each of the M disc drives stores a full copy of the logical volume, and wherein step (B) includes a step of mirroring less than the entire logical volume on the additional disc drive.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the step (A) is implemented within the disc drive storage system so that the disc drive storage system identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the step (B) includes a step of mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive that includes a fixed storage medium.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the step (A) is implemented within the disc drive storage system so that the disc drive storage system identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the step (B) includes a step of mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive that includes a fixed storage medium.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein each of the at least M disc drives includes a fixed storage medium, and wherein the step (B) includes a step of mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive that includes a fixed storage medium.

29. The method of claim 21, wherein the step (B) includes a step of mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive that includes a fixed storage medium.

30. The method of claim 21, wherein each of the at least M disc drives includes a fixed storage medium, and wherein the step (B) includes a step of mirroring the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive that includes a fixed storage medium.

31. A disc drive storage system for use in a computer system including the disc drive storage system and a data processing system, the disc drive storage system to store date written by the data processing system, the disc drive storage system comprising:

a plurality of disc drives that includes at least M disc drives, each of the plurality of disc drives including at least one disc so that the disc drive storage system includes at least M discs corresponding to the M disc drives, the M disc drives storing a logical volume including a plurality of blocks of information, each of the M discs storing at least N of the plurality of blocks of information of the logical volume; and

a controller that, in response to identification of a temporary need for increased performance in accessing at least one of the plurality of blocks of information in the logical volume, mirrors the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on an additional disc drive without altering an arrangement of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume stored in the M disc drives, and performs at least two read operations of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume in parallel from the additional disc drive and at least one of the M disc drives.

32. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein the controller includes means for discontinuing mirroring of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume on the additional disc when the temporary need for increased performance has ended.

33. The disc drive storage system of claim 32, wherein the additional disc drive includes a fixed storage medium.

34. The disc drive storage system of claim 32, wherein the controller identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

35. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein the logical volume includes N blocks of information so that each of the M disc drives stores a full copy of the logical volume, and wherein the controller includes means for mirroring less than the entire logical volume on the additional disc drive.

36. The disc drive storage system of claim 35, wherein the additional disc drive includes a fixed storage medium.

37. The disc drive storage system of claim 35, wherein the controller identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

38. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein the controller includes means for performing at least three read operations of the at least one of the plurality of blocks of the logical volume in parallel from the additional disc drive and at least two of the M disc drives.

39. The disc drive storage system of claim 38, wherein the additional disc drive includes a fixed storage medium.

40. The disc drive storage system of claim 39, wherein the controller identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

41. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein the additional disc drive includes a fixed storage medium.

42. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein each of the at least M disc drives includes a fixed storage medium.

43. The disc drive storage system of claim 31, wherein the controller identifies the temporary need for increased performance.

44. The disc drive storage system of claim 43, wherein the controller identifies the temporary need for increased performance.