DC/DC converter with multiple operating modes

• US 6,157,182 A
• Filed: 04/30/1999
• Issued: 12/05/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho
• Inventors: Tanaka, Hiroto, Aoki, Shinobu
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US09/302,793
• Time in Patent Office: 585 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/283, 323/284, 323/290, 323/287
• US Class Current: 323/284
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1563 without using an external clock H02M3/158 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A comparator monitors an output voltage V_out. When an output voltage V_out decreases to a predetermined output voltage or less, the comparator sends a signal that represents this state to a controlling circuit. When the controlling circuit receives the signal, it causes a switching device to be turned on. Thus, a coil current I_L is increased. A hysteresis (window) comparator monitors the coil current I_L. When the coil current I_L reaches a comparison current I_LP, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned off. When the coil current I_L decreases to the comparison current I_LB (where I_LP >I_LB), the controlling circuit references an output signal of the comparator. When the output voltage V_out is lower than the predetermined output voltage, the controlling circuit causes the switching device to be turned on.

Claims

1. A method for controlling an active operating mode of a DC/DC converter, comprising:

defining a first operating mode and a second operating mode of the DC/DC converter, wherein the first operating mode is characterized by a first switching loss and the second operating mode is characterized by a second switching loss, wherein the first switching loss is less than the second switching loss;

monitoring a coil current, wherein the coil current flows through a predefined coil of the DC/DC converter; and

switching the active operating mode of the DC/DC converter between the first operating mode and the second operating mode in response to the coil current reaching a first predetermined threshold,

wherein the coil current is monitored by using a current sense resistor and a hysteresis comparator.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the active operating mode is switched from the first operating mode to the second operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold in combination with a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold.

3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined with a counter.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined by counting that the coil current has reached the first predetermined threshold a prescribed number of times.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising monitoring an output voltage of the DC/DC converter, and preventing the DC/DC converter from being operated in the second operating mode while the output voltage is above a predetermined voltage threshold value.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the coil current, in at least the first operating mode, is characterized by an uninterrupted cycle in which the coil current increases monotonically from the first predetermined threshold to a maximum value, and then decreases monotonically until a next cycle is begun.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the cycle of the coil current has a substantially triangular shape.

8. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the cycle of the coil current has a period T, wherein the first switching loss is inversely proportional to the period T.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the period T has a prescribed value.

10. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the active operating mode is switched from the second operating mode to the first operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold in combination with a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold.

11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined with a counter.

12. The method as recited in claim 11, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined by counting that the coil current has reached the first predetermined threshold a first prescribed number of times.

13. The method as recited in claim 12, wherein the counting of the first prescribed number of times is reset if the coil current remains above a second predetermined threshold a second prescribed number of times.

14. The method as recited in claim 13, wherein the first predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold are different.

15. The method as recited in claim 13, wherein the first prescribed number of times and the second prescribed number of times are different.

16. A method for controlling an active operating mode of a DC/DC converter, wherein the active operating mode is switchable between a first predefined operating mode and a second predefined operating mode, wherein the first predefined operating mode is characterized by a first switching loss and the second predefined operating mode is characterized by a second switching loss, wherein the first switching loss is less than the second switching loss, comprising:

monitoring a coil current and an output voltage; and

switching the active operating mode of the DC/DC converter from the first operating mode to the second operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of a first predetermined threshold, a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold, and the output voltage being below a predetermined voltage threshold value;

wherein the coil current flows through a predefined coil of the DC/DC converter;

wherein the coil current, in at least the first operating mode, is characterized by an uninterrupted cycle in which the coil current increases monotonically from the first predetermined threshold to a maximum value, and then decreases monotonically until a next cycle is begun; and

wherein the coil current is monitored by using a current sense resistor and a hysteresis comparator.

17. A method for controlling an active operating mode of a DC/DC converter, wherein the active operating mode is switchable between a first predefined operating mode and a second predefined operating mode, wherein the first predefined operating mode is characterized by a first switching loss and the second predefined operating mode is characterized by a second switching loss, wherein the first switching loss is less than the second switching loss, comprising:

monitoring a coil current and an output voltage; and

switching the active operating mode of the DC/DC converter from the second operating mode to the first operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of a first predetermined threshold, a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold, and the output voltage being above a predetermined voltage threshold value;

wherein the coil current flows through a predefined coil of the DC/DC converter;

wherein the prescribed delay is resettable in accordance with a comparison between the coil current and a second predetermined threshold value; and

wherein the coil current is monitored by using a current sense resistor and a hysteresis comparator.

18. A DC/DC converter having an active operating mode that is switchable between a first predefined operating mode and a second predefined operating mode, wherein the first predefined operating mode is characterized by a first switching loss and the second predefined operating mode is characterized by a second switching loss, wherein the first switching loss is less than the second switching loss, the converter comprising:

an input terminal for receiving an input voltage and an input current;

an output terminal for providing an output voltage and an output current to a load;

a control circuit;

a switching device operatively coupled to the control circuit and the input terminal, wherein the switching device is turned on and off by the control circuit;

a coil in which a coil current flows when the switching device is in the on state, the coil being operatively coupled to the switching device; and

a current sense resistor and a hysteresis comparator for monitoring the coil current and providing a signal to the control circuit to indicate when the voltage across the current sense resistor, as generated by the coil current, is equal a reference value of the hysteresis comparator;

wherein the control circuit is responsive to the signal provided in determining when to turn the switching device on or off.

19. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 18, further comprising a second comparator for monitoring the output voltage.

20. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 18, wherein the control circuit switches the active operating mode of the DC/DC converter from the first operating mode to the second operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of a first predetermined threshold, a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold, and the output voltage being below a predetermined voltage threshold value.

21. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 20, further comprising a counter, wherein the counter determines the prescribed delay, and upon determining the prescribed delay, outputs a delay signal to the control circuit.

22. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 20, further comprising a selector responsive to the control circuit, wherein the selector selects between a plurality of signals used to turn on and off the switching device.

23. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 18, wherein the control circuit switches the active operating mode from the second operating mode to the first operating mode in response to the coil current crossing of a first predetermined threshold in combination with a lapse of a prescribed delay after the coil current crossing of the first predetermined threshold.

24. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 23, further comprising a counter, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined by the counter.

25. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 24, wherein the lapse of the prescribed delay is determined by counting that the coil current has reached the first predetermined threshold a prescribed number of times.

26. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 25, wherein the counting of the prescribed number of times is reset if the coil current remains above a second predetermined threshold a second prescribed number of times.

27. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 26, wherein the first predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold are different.

28. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 26, wherein the first prescribed number of times and the second prescribed number of times are different.

29. The DC/DC converter as recited in claim 23, wherein the control circuit switches the active operating mode from the second operating mode to the first operating mode further in response to the output voltage being above a predetermined voltage threshold value.