Optical film with sharpened bandedge

• US 6,157,490 A
• Filed: 01/13/1998
• Issued: 12/05/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Original Assignee: 3M Innovative Properties Company (3M Company)
• Inventors: Wheatley, John A., Weber, Michael F., Ouderkirk, Andrew J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Thong
• Assistant Examiner(s): WINSTEDT, JENNIFER E
• Application Number:
  US09/006,085
• Time in Patent Office: 1,057 Days
• Field of Search: 359/584, 359/580, 359/586, 359/588, 359/589, 359/590
• US Class Current: 359/589
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/282 reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/287 comprising at least one layer of organic material
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/305 including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers

Abstract

The present invention provides reflective films and other optical bodies which exhibit sharp bandedges on one or both sides of the main reflection bands. The optical bodies comprise multilayer stacks M₁ and M₂, each having first order reflections in a desired part of the spectrum and comprising optical repeating units R₁ and R₂, respectively. At least one of the optical repeating units R₁ and R₂ varies monotonically in optical thickness along the thickness of the associated multilayer stack.

Claims

1. A reflective film comprising:

one or more first regions having a first plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a first continuously varying optical thickness gradient that substantially defines a first reflection band of the reflective film, one or more second regions having a second plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a second continuously varying optical thickness gradient that substantially defines a second reflection band of the reflective film, and a third region having a third plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a third continuously varying optical thickness gradient that varies differently from the first gradient and that substantially defines a first bandedge slope of the first reflection band.

2. The reflective film of claim 1, wherein the first and second reflection bands are separated to form a pass band positioned between the first and second reflection bands.

3. The reflective film of claim 2, further comprising a fourth region having a fourth plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a fourth continously varying optical thickness gradient that varies differently from the second gradient and that substantially defines a second bandedge slope of the second reflection band.

4. The reflective film of claim 3, further comprising a fifth region having a fifth plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a fifth continuously varying optical thickness gradient that varies differently from the first gradient and that substantially defines a third bandedge slope of the first reflection band.

5. The reflective film of claim 4, further comprising a sixth region having a sixth plurality of optical repeating units arranged to have a sixth continuously varying optical thickness gradient that varies differently from the second gradient and that substantially defines a fourth bandedge slope of the second reflection band.

6. The reflective film of claim 3, wherein the third gradient substantially defines a bandedge slope of the first reflection band adjacent to the pass band and the fourth gradient substantially defines a bandedge slope of the second reflection band adjacent to the pass band.

7. The reflective film of claim 2, wherein the pass band contains visible light.

8. The reflective film of claim 2, wherein the pass band covers only a portion of the visible spectrum.

9. The reflective film of claim 2, wherein the pass band contains infrared light.

10. The reflective film of claim 2, wherein the pass band contains ultraviolet light.

11. The reflective film of claim 1, wherein each optical repeating unit comprises two or more layers, at least two of the layers in each optical repeating unit having an in-plane index of refraction difference of at least 0.05 between them.

12. The reflective film of claim 11, wherein the adjacent layers of an optical repeating unit have indices of refraction along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the layers that differs by no more than 0.05 between the adjacent layers.

13. A reflective film comprising a plurality of optical repeating units that generally vary in optical thickness from a lower optical thickness near one surface of the film to a higher optical thickness near the other surface of the film, wherein the film has a first region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to the first profile that substantially defines a reflection band of the reflective film, and a second region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a second profile different from the first profile that substantially defines a bandedge slope of the reflection band.

14. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the second region includes a plurality of optical repeating units that each have about the same optical thickness.

15. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein at least one portion of the second region includes a plurality of optical repeating units that exhibit a monotonically varying optical thickness profile.

16. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein at least a portion of the second region includes a plurality of optical repeating units that vary in optical thickness oppositely to the first profile.

17. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the second profile defines a bandedge slope at the short wavelength bandedge of the reflection band.

18. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the second profile defines a bandedge slope at the long wavelength bandedge of the reflection band.

19. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the reflection band includes visible light.

20. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the reflection band includes infrared light.

21. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the reflection band includes ultraviolet light.

22. The reflective film of claim 13, wherein the optical repeating units comprise a plurality of layers.

23. The reflective film of claim 22, wherein the at least a portion of the optical repeating units comprise two layers.

24. The reflective film of claim 22, wherein at least a portion of the optical repeating units comprise three layers A, B, and C arranged in an order ABC, the layers having respective indices of refraction n^a, n^b, and n^c that differ from each other, index n^b being intermediate to indices n^a and n^c.

25. The reflective film of claim 24, wherein the three layers are arranged in an order ABCB.

26. A reflective film comprising a purality of optical repeating units, wherein the film includes a first region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies monotonically to define a reflection band of the film, and a second region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units remains substantially constant to define a bandedge slope of the reflection band.

27. A reflective film comprising a plurality of optical repeating units, wherein the film includes a first region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a first profile that substantially defines a reflection band of the film, and a second region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a second profile different from the first profile that substantially defines a bandedge slope of the reflection band, the bandedge slope averaging at least about 2 percent change in transmission per nanometer for wavelengths contained within the bandedge.

28. The reflective film of claim 27, wherein the bandedge slope averages at least about 4 percent change in transmission per nanometer for wavelengths contained within the bandedge.

29. A reflective film comprising a plurality of optical repeating units, each optical repeating unit including at least two layers that exhibit an index of refraction difference between them, wherein the film has a first region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a first profile that substantially defines a reflection band of the reflective film, and a second region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a second profile different from the first profile that substantially defines a bandedge slope of the reflection band.

30. A reflective film comprising:

a plurality of optical repeating units,

wherein the film has a first region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a first profile that substantially defines a first reflection band of the relfective film, a second region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a second profile that substantially defines a second reflection band of the reflective film, and a third region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a third profile different from the first profile that substantially defines a bandedge slope of the first reflection band.

31. The reflective film of claim 30, wherein the first and second reflection bands are separated to form a pass band positioned between the first and second reflection bands.

32. The reflective film of claim 31, further comprising a fourth region where the optical thickness of optical repeating units varies according to a fourth profile different from the second that substantially defines a bandedge slope of the second reflection band.

33. The reflective film of claim 32, wherein the third profile substantially defines a bandedge slope of the first reflection band adjacent to the pass band and the fourth profile substantially defines a bandedge slope of the second reflection band adjacent to the pass band.

34. The reflective film of claim 31, wherein the pass band contains visible light.

35. The reflective film of claim 31, wherein the pass band covers only a portion of the visible spectrum.

36. The reflective film of claim 30, wherein the optical repeating units include a plurality of layers.