Large composite core structures formed by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding

• US 6,159,414 A
• Filed: 03/31/1999
• Issued: 12/12/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/1995
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: TPI Technology Inc. (TPI Composites Inc.)
• Original Assignee: TPI Composites Inc.
• Inventors: Tunis, George C. III, Winckler, Steven J.
• Primary Examiner(s): LONEY, DONALD J
• Application Number:
  US09/282,989
• Time in Patent Office: 622 Days
• Field of Search: 264/257, 264/258, 264/510, 264/511, 264/571, 264/263, 264/DIG. 14, 264/259, 264/271.1, 264/317
• US Class Current: 264/510
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2043/3644 Vacuum bags; Details thereof, e.g. fixing or clamping
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 33/76 Cores B29C33/02 - B29C33/70, B29C41/40, B29C53/74, B29C53/82 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/021 characterised by the shape of the surface
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 43/3642 Bags, bleeder sheets or cauls for isostatic pressing
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/443 and impregnating by vacuum or injection
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/48 and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM] , e.g. by vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/544 Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/546 Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/547 using channels or porous distribution layers incorporated in or associated with the product
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/548 using distribution constructions, e.g. channels incorporated in or associated with the mould
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/865 completely encapsulated
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/234 including elements cooperating to form cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24165 Hexagonally shaped cavities
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24661 Forming, or cooperating to form cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24744 Longitudinal or transverse tubular cavity or cell

Abstract

Large composite structures are produced using a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The structures incorporate cores, which may be hollow cells or foam blocks. A plurality of cores, each of which may be wrapped with a fiber material, is arranged in a layer on a mold with a fiber material arranged to form face skins. The assembly is sealed under a vacuum bag to a mold surface. One or more main feeder conduits are provided in communication with a resin distribution network of smaller channels which facilitates flow of uncured resin into and through the fiber material. The resin distribution network may comprise a network of grooves formed in the surfaces or the cores and/or rounded corners of the cores. The network of smaller channels may also be provided between the vacuum bag and the fiber material, either integrally in the vacuum bag or via a separate distribution medium. Resin, introduced under vacuum, travels relatively quickly through the main feeder channel(s) and the network of smaller channels. After penetrating the fiber material to reach the surface of the cores, the resin again travels relatively quickly along the cores via the grooves in the cores or the spaces provided by the rounded corners to penetrate the fiber material between the cores, if present, and between the cores and the mold.

Claims

1. A method of forming a composite structure comprising:

providing a plurality of cores each having a peripheral surface, the cores including spaces therebetween and arranged in at least one row to form a layer having an upper surface and a lower surface;

covering at least the upper surface of the layer with a fiber material;

providing a resin distribution network of channels arranged to distribute uncured resin throughout the fiber material and the spaces between the cores;

providing a feeder channel in fluid communication with the resin distribution network, the feeder channel having a larger cross-sectional area than individual ones of the channels of the resin distribution network;

sealing the cores and the fiber material with the resin distribution network and the feeder channel in a forming structure, at least a first portion of the forming structure comprising a mold surface and at least a further portion of the forming structure comprising a flexible portion collapsible under vacuum against an adjacent portion of the cores and the fiber material;

connecting a source of uncured resin through the flexible portion to the feeder channel;

connecting the interior of the forming structure to a vacuum outlet;

forcing the uncured resin under vacuum through the feeder channel and the resin distribution network to fill the forming structure to impregnate the fiber material and the spaces between the cores with the resin; and

curing the resin to form a composite structure.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resin distribution network comprises a configuration of the peripheral surface of each core to provide flow passages between adjacent ones of the cores from the upper surface to the lower surface.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the peripheral surface configuration comprises channels integrally formed in the peripheral surface of the cores.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the channels circumscribe each core.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the peripheral surface configuration comprises rounded edges of each core.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the resin distribution network includes a separate resin distribution medium disposed between the flexible portion and the adjacent portion of the cores and fiber material.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the separate resin distribution medium comprises intersecting filaments held in spaced relation from the fiber material by post-like members located at each filament intersection, a grid-like structure of aligned strips, or an open weave fabric.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the resin distribution network comprises intersecting channels formed integrally in a surface of the flexible portion.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the flexible portion comprises a vacuum bag.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeder channel and the resin distribution network are sized and arranged to allow the resin to completely fill the fiber material surrounding the cores prior to curing.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein each core comprises a closed cell with a hollow interior.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising wrapping at least a portion of each core in a further fiber material.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the further fiber material surrounds sides of each core.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the further fiber material extends above the upper surface and below the lower surface of the cores.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the further fiber material surrounds sides of each core and at least a portion of the top surface and at least a portion of the bottom surface of the cores.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the resin distribution network comprises V-shaped channels integrally formed in the peripheral surface of each cell.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the closed cell is box-shaped.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the closed cell is cylindrical.

19. The method of claim 11, wherein the closed cell is in the shape of an elongated triangle.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the closed cell is in the shape of an elongated hexagon.

21. The method of claim 11, further comprising forming the closed cell of a plastic material by a blow molding process, by an injection molding process, by a vacuum forming process, or by a roto molding process.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the cores are arranged in a plurality of layers, and the fiber material is provided between the layers.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the cores are formed of a foam material.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeder channel comprises a channel integrally formed in the flexible portion of the forming structure.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeder channel comprises a perforated conduit placed underneath an inner surface of the flexible portion of the forming structure.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein the feeder channel comprises a channel integrally formed in the peripheral surface of at least one of the cores.