Multi-layer X-ray-reflecting mirrors with reduced internal stress
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
- a substrate having a surface; and
multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration sufficient to reduce net internal stress in the multi-layer structure compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material.
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Abstract
X-ray-reflecting mirrors are disclosed that exhibit reduced internal stress without any significant reduction in reflectance to X-rays. The mirrors comprise a substrate on a surface of which a multi-layer structure is formed. The multi-layer structure is formed by alternately and superposedly layering, on a surface of the substrate, a first material (e.g., molybdenum) and a second material (silicon with a dopant such as boron). Net internal stress of the multi-layer structure is controllably reduced by controlling the amount of diffused dopant in the second material.
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Citations
21 Claims
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1. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
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a substrate having a surface; and multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration sufficient to reduce net internal stress in the multi-layer structure compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material. - View Dependent Claims (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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2. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
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a substrate having a surface; and multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration of at least 1×
108 atoms/cm3 to reduce net internal stress in the multi-layer structure compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material.
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3. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
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a substrate having a surface; and multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, wherein the dopant is B at a concentration of at least 1×
1018 atoms/cm3 that is sufficient to reduce net internal stress in the multi-layer structure compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material.
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9. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
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a substrate having a surface; and multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration sufficient to reduce net internal stress in the multi-layer structure compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material, wherein the layer contacting the surface of the substrate is a layer of the second material.
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10. A method for making a mirror that is reflective to X-rays, the method comprising:
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(a) providing a rigid substrate having a surface; (b) applying to the surface a laminar structure consisting of a layer of a first material and a layer of a second material, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of Si and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration of at least 0.001 atomic percent relative to the silicon; (c) superposedly applying at least one additional layer of the first material and of the second material in alternating order superposedly to the laminar structure formed in step (b) to form a multi-layer mirror structure. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A mirror for reflecting X-rays, comprising:
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a substrate having a surface; and multiple alternating layers of a first material and a second material applied superposedly to the surface of the substrate to form a multi-layer structure on the substrate, the first material consisting essentially of a substance selected from a group consisting of Mo, Rh, Ru, Re, W, Ta, Ni, Cr, Al, and alloys of such substances, and the second material consisting essentially of silicon and a dopant selected from a group consisting of B, C, and P, the dopant being at a concentration sufficient to reduce surface warping compared to an otherwise similar multi-layer structure lacking the dopant in the second material.
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Specification