Method and device for detecting and locating a reflecting sound source

• US 6,161,434 A
• Filed: 07/16/1999
• Issued: 12/19/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 06/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lewiner, Jacques, Mathias Fink
• Original Assignee: Lewiner, Jacques, Mathias Fink
• Inventors: Fink, Mathias, Lewiner, Jacques
• Primary Examiner(s): CHAPMAN JR, JOHN E
• Application Number:
  US09/202,392
• Time in Patent Office: 522 Days
• Field of Search: 73/587, 73/592, 73/602, 73/626, 73/628, 367/103, 367/105
• US Class Current: 73/587
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/044 Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/106 one or more transducer arrays
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/2634 cylindrical from outside
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/14 using acoustic emission techniques echo of particles G01N29/046; measuring mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in solids in general G01H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/50 using auto-correlation techniques or cross-correlation techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8083 determining direction of source

Abstract

During a passive initial stage, acoustic signals received by a receiving transducer array are recorded, and the corresponding electric signals are stored. To search for the possible presence of a sound source whose contribution to the signal recorded in the passive initial stage may be faint, window of each electric signal stored in the initial stage is time reversed and amplified to produce excitation signals which are applied to emitting transducers of an array corresponding to that of the receiving transducers. The acoustic echo signals received by the receiving transducers are recorded, and the corresponding electric signals are stored, and can be exploited to detect the possible presence of a reflecting sound source.

Claims

1. Method of detecting and/or locating a sound source by means of transducers organized in arrays comprising first, second and third transducer arrays, whereby a spatial correspondence is provided between said first and second transducer arrays, the method comprising a passive initial step in which acoustic signals received by reception transducers of the first array are sensed, and electric signals produced by the reception transducers of the first array in response to said acoustic signals are stored, wherein the passive initial step is followed by the steps of:

(a) time reversing and amplifying at least one time window of each electric signal stored in the passive initial step in order to produce excitation signals;

(b) applying the excitation signals to respective emission transducers of the second array;

(c) sensing acoustic echo signals received by reception transducers of the third array, and storing electric signals produced by the reception transducers of the third array in response to said acoustic echo signals; and

(d) using the electric signals stored in step (c) to detect the possible presence of a reflecting sound source.

2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said arrays further comprise fourth and fifth transducer arrays, whereby a spatial correspondence is provided between said third and fourth transducer arrays, and wherein step (d) of using the electric signals stored in step (c) comprises at least one iteration of a process including the steps of:

(e) time reversing and amplifying at least one time window of each of the electric signals which have just been stored in order to produce excitation signals;

(f) applying the excitation signals produced in step (e) to emission transducers of the fourth array; and

(g) sensing acoustic echo signals received by reception transducers of the fifth array, and storing electric signals produced by the reception transducers of the fifth array in response to said acoustic echo signals.

3. Method according to claim 2, wherein the third, fourth and fifth arrays are merged and comprise emission/reception transducers.

4. Method according to claim 2, wherein the third and fifth arrays are merged, the method further comprising the following steps after a number n, at least equal to 1, of iterations of said process have been performed:

evaluating an individual cross-correlation function, for each one of at least some of the reception transducers of the third array, between the electric signals stored relative to said one of the reception transducers of the third array immediately before the n-th iteration and in step (g) of the n-th iteration, respectively, and

detecting the possible presence of a reflecting sound source on the basis of the evaluated individual cross-correlation functions.

5. Method according to claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

calculating a sum of the individual cross-correlation functions relating to at least some reception transducers of the third array in order to obtain an overall cross-correlation function, and

searching for the presence of a peak in the overall cross-correlation function in order to detect the possible presence of a reflecting sound source.

6. Method according to claims 2, wherein the first, second, third, fourth and fifth arrays are merged.

7. Method according to claim 1, wherein the first and second arrays are merged and comprise emission/reception transducers.

8. Method according to claim 1, wherein the excitation signals are obtained in step (a) by a time reversal operation in which frequencies contained in the signals stored in the initial passive step are multiplied by a coefficient a greater than 1, and wherein the second array of emission transducers corresponds to the first array of reception transducers through a homothetic transformation of ratio 1/α

.

9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the second array consists of emission/reception transducers also forming part of the third array.

10. Method according to claim 8, wherein the third array has substantially larger dimensions than the second array and includes more transducers.

11. Device for detecting and/or locating a sound source, comprising:

a first array of reception transducers for sensing acoustic signals during a passive initial step;

storage means for storing electric signals produced by the reception transducers of the first array in response to said acoustic signals;

processing means for time reversing and amplifying at least one time window of each electric signal stored in the storage means in the passive initial step in order to produce excitation signals;

a second array of emission transducers, spatially corresponding to the first array to which said excitation signals are respectively applied; and

a third array of reception transducers for sensing acoustic echo signals received in response to waves emitted by the emission transducers of the second array,

wherein the storage means store electric signals produced by the reception transducers of the third array in response to said acoustic echo signals, and

wherein the processing means are designed to use the stored electric signals order to detect the possible presence of a reflecting sound source.

12. Device according to claim 11, further comprising a fourth array of emission transducers and a fifth array of reception transducers, whereby a spatial correspondence is provided between said third and fourth arrays, wherein the processing means are designed to use said stored electric signals by carrying out at least one iteration of a process including the steps of:

(e) time reversing and amplifying at least one time window of each of the electric signals which have just been stored in order to produce excitation signals;

(f) applying the excitation signals produced in step (e) to emission transducers of the fourth array; and

(g ) sensing acoustic echo signals received by reception transducers of the fifth array, and storing electric signals produced by the reception transducer of the fifth array in response to said acoustic echo signals.

13. Device according to claim 11 wherein the processing means are designed to produce the first set of excitation signals by a time reversal operation in which frequencies contained in the signals stored in the initial passive step are multiplied by a coefficient a greater than 1, and wherein the second array of emission transducers corresponds to the first array of reception transducers through a homothetic transformation of ratio 1/α

.