Downlink telemetry system and method for implantable medical device

• US 6,167,310 A
• Filed: 03/31/1999
• Issued: 12/26/2000
• Est. Priority Date: 03/31/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Grevious, John J.
• Primary Examiner(s): EVANISKO, GEORGE ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US09/283,028
• Time in Patent Office: 636 Days
• Field of Search: 607/30-32, 607/59, 607/60, 128/903
• US Class Current: 607/32
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37252 Details of algorithms or data aspects of communication system, e.g. handshaking, transmitting specific data or segmenting data
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37254 Pacemaker or defibrillator security, e.g. to prevent or inhibit programming alterations by hackers or unauthorised individuals
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique

Abstract

Downlink telemetry for an implantable medical device includes controlling downlink energy by generating a downlink strength signal representative of the strength of one or more downlink control bursts transmitted from an external communication device and received at the receiver of the implantable medical device. The peak amplitude of modulated downlink data bursts is controlled by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope of such downlink data bursts as a function of the downlink strength signal.

Claims

1. An implantable medical device telemetry method for downlink transmission of telemetry signals between a transmitter of an external communication device and a receiver of an implantable medical device, the method comprising the steps of:

providing one or more downlink control bursts from the transmitter, wherein each downlink control burst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude;

detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts received at the receiver of the implanted medical device from the transmitter and generating a downlink strength signal representative of the strength of the one or more downlink control bursts;

providing a plurality of downlink data bursts from the transmitter, wherein the plurality of downlink data bursts are modulated with data, and further wherein each downlink data burst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude; and

controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the one or more downlink control bursts includes:

providing at least one handshake between the external communication device and implantable medical device; and

providing the one or more control bursts during the at least one handshake between the external communication device and implantable medical device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of providing the at least one handshake includes:

communicating a handshake request uplink from a transmitter of the implantable medical device to a receiver of the external communication device;

transmitting the one or more downlink control bursts from the transmitter of the external communication device to the receiver of the implantable medical device in response to the handshake request; and

communicating the downlink strength signal in a handshake confirmation from the transmitter of the implantable medical device to the external communication device.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein providing the one or more control bursts includes providing at least a first handshake and a second handshake between the external communication device and the implantable medical device, wherein said plurality of downlink data bursts are transmitted between the first and second handshakes, and wherein the one or more downlink control bursts are provided during at least the first handshake;

wherein the step of detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts includes detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts during the first handshake and generating a downlink strength signal as a function thereof; and

further wherein the step of controlling the peak amplitude includes controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts transmitted during the time between the first and second handshakes by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing one or more downlink control bursts includes providing a single downlink control burst, and further wherein the step of detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts includes:

receiving the single downlink control burst signal by th e receiver, wherein the receiver has a detected signal threshold;

determining the time interval during which the single downlink control burst exceeds the detected signal threshold; and

generating the downlink strength signal as a function of the time interval during which the single downlink control burst exceeds the detected signal threshold.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts includes adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the down link strength signal to provide a threshold margin.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the threshold margin is at least a 3 dB margin.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing the one or more downlink control bursts includes providing a predetermined number of downlink control bursts, wherein each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude, and further wherein the burst duration and peak amplitude is different for each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of providing a predetermined number of downlink control bursts includes providing each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts in a predetermined time slot of a handshake between the implantable medical device and the external communication device.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts includes:

counting the number of downlink control bursts received by the receiver; and

generating the downlink strength signal as a function of the counted number of downlink control bursts.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts includes adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal to provide a threshold margin.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the threshold margin is at least a 3 dB margin.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is five downlink control bursts or less.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing a plurality of downlink data bursts from the transmitter includes pulse interval modulating the plurality of downlink data bursts.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of providing a plurality of downlink data bursts from the transmitter includes pulse width modulating the plurality of downlink data bursts.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope includes adjusting the burst duration in the range of about 5 μ

seconds to about 150 μ

seconds.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of controlling the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope includes adjusting the burst duration in the range of about 10 μ

seconds to about 50 μ

seconds.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device is selected from the group consisting of:

a pacemaker, a defibrilllator, a pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator, a brian stimulator, a cardioveter/defibrillator, a neurostimulator, a muscle stimulator, a gastric stimulator, an implantable monitor, a hemodynamic monitor, and a drug pump.

19. A method for controlling downlink energy of telemetry signals transmitted from a transmitter of an external communication device to a receiver of an implantable medical device, the method comprising the steps of:

initiating a handshake by providing a handshake request from a transmitter of the implantable medical device;

receiving the handshake request at a receiver of the external communication device;

providing one or more downlink control bursts from the transmitter of the external communication device in response to the received handshake request, wherein each downlink control burst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude;

detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts received at the receiver of the implantable medical device, and generating a downlink strength signal representative of the strength of the one or more downlink control signals

communicating the downlink strength signal to the external communication device;

providing a plurality of downlink data bursts from the transmitter of the external communication device after the handshake is completed, wherein the plurality of downlink data bursts are modulated with data, wherein each downlink data burst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude, and further wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts being controllable by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of communicating the downlink strength signal to the external communication device includes communicating the downlink strength signal in a handshake confirmation to the external communication device.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the method further includes periodically reinitiating a handshake by providing a handshake request from a transmitter of the implantable medical device, receiving the handshake request at a receiver of the external communication device, providing one or more downlink control bursts from the transmitter of the external communication device in response to the received handshake request, detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts and generating a downlink strength signal representative of the strength of the one or more downlink control bursts received at the receiver of the implantable medical device, communicating the downlink strength signal to the transmitter of the external communication device, and providing a plurality of downlink data bursts from the transmitter of the external communication device after the reinitiated handshake is completed, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts is controlled by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of providing the one or more downlink control bursts includes providing a single downlink control burst, and further wherein the step of detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts includes:

receiving the single downlink control burst at the receiver of the implantable medical device, wherein the receiver has a detected signal threshold;

determining the time interval during which the single downlink control burst exceeds the detected signal threshold; and

generating the downlink strength signal as a function of the time interval during which the single downlink control burst exceeds the detected signal threshold.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts being controllable by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal to provide a threshold margin of at least about 3 dB.

24. The method of claim 19, wherein the step of providing the one or more downlink control bursts includes providing a predetermined number of downlink control bursts, wherein each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude, and further wherein the burst duration and peak amplitude is different for each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the step of providing a predetermined number of downlink control bursts includes providing each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts in a predetermined time slot of the handshake between the implantable medical device and the external communication device.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the step of detecting one or more of the downlink control bursts includes;

counting the number of downlink control bursts received by the receiver of the implantable medical device, and

generating the downlink strength signal as a function of the counted number of downlink control bursts.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts being controllable by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal to provide a threshold margin of at least a 3 dB margin.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is five downlink control bursts or less.

29. The method of claim 19, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts is controlled by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope in a range of about 10 μ

seconds to about 50 μ

seconds.

30. The method of claim 19, wherein the implantable medical device is selected from the group consisting of:

an implantable medical device selected from one of a pacemaker, a defibrillator, a pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator, a brain stimulator, a cardioverter/defibrillator, a neurostimulator, a muscle stimulator, a gastric stimulator, an implantable monitor, a hemodynamic monitor, and a drug pump.

31. A telemetry system, the system comprising:

an external communication device, the external communication device including a downlink transmitter operable to transmit one or more downlink control bursts, wherein each downlink control burst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude, wherein the downlink transmitter is further operable to transmit a plurality of downlink data bursts, wherein the plurality of downlink data bursts are modulated, by the transmitter, with data, and further wherein each downlink databurst is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude; and

an implantable medical device, the implantable medical device including;

a downlink receiver operable to receive one or more downlink control bursts from the downlink transmitter,

detection circuitry associated with the downlink receiver to detect the strength of the one or more downlink control bursts transmitted by the downlink transmitter and generate a downlink strength signal representative of the detected strength, and

an uplink transmitter operable to transmit the downlink strength signal to the external communication device; and

wherein the external communication device further includes a controller to control the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope thereof as a function of the downlink strength signal.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the uplink transmitter of the implantable medical device is operable for transmitting a handshake request to the external communication device, and further wherein the downlink transmitter of the external communication device is operable to transmit the one or more control bursts to the implantable medical device in response to the handshake request.

33. The system of claim 32, wherein the uplink transmitter is operable to transmit the downlink strength signal in a handshake confirmation to the external communication device.

34. The system of claim 31, wherein the downlink transmitter is operable to transmit a single downlink control burst, and further wherein the detection circuitry includes timing circuitry to determine a time interval during which the single downlink control signal exceeds a detected signal threshold of the downlink receiver.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts transmitted by the downlink transmitter is controlled by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal to provide a threshold margin.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein the threshold margin is at least a 3 dB margin.

37. The system of claim 31, wherein the downlink transmitter is operable to transmit a predetermined number of downlink control bursts, wherein each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is defined by a ramped envelope having a burst duration and a peak amplitude, and further wherein the burst duration and peak amplitude is different for each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein the downlink transmitter is operable to transmit each of the predetermined number of downlink control bursts in a predetermined time slot forming a handshake between the implantable medical device and the external communication device.

39. The system of claim 37, wherein the detection circuitry includes a counter for determining the number of downlink control bursts detected by the downlink receiver, the downlink strength signal generated as a function of the counted number of downlink control bursts.

40. The system of claim 39, wherein the peak amplitude of the plurality of downlink data bursts is controlled by adjusting the burst duration of the ramped envelope as a function of the downlink strength signal to provide a threshold margin.

41. The system of claim 40, wherein the threshold margin is at least a 3 dB margin.

42. The system of claim 37, wherein the predetermined number of downlink control bursts is five downlink control bursts or less.

43. The system of claim 31, wherein the external communication device further includes a modulator to pulse interval modulate the plurality of downlink data bursts.

44. The system of claim 31, wherein the external communication device further includes a modulator to pulse width modulate the plurality of downlink data bursts.

45. The system of claim 31, wherein the burst duration of the ramped envelope of the plurality of downlink data bursts is adjustable in the range of about 10 μ

seconds to about 50 μ

seconds.

46. The system of claim 31, wherein the implantable medical device is selected from a group consisting of a pacemaker, a defibrillator, a pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator, a brain stimulator, a cardioverter/defibrillator, a neurostimulator, a muscle stimulator, a gastric stimulator, an implantable monitor, a hemodynamic monitor, and a drug pump.