Method and apparatus for recognizing and classifying individuals based on minutiae

• US 6,173,068 B1
• Filed: 03/25/1997
• Issued: 01/09/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Mikos Limited
• Original Assignee: Mikos Limited
• Inventors: Prokoski, Francine J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Johns, Andrew W.
• Application Number:
  US08/823,841
• Time in Patent Office: 1,386 Days
• Field of Search: 382/115, 382/117, 382/118, 382/125, 348/77, 348/78, 348/161, 356/71, 340/825.3, 340/825.34, 600/310, 600/473, 600/475
• US Class Current: 382/115
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/015 By temperature mapping of body part
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1171 based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1176 Recognition of faces
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/14 Vascular patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/171 Local features and components; Facial parts eye characteristics G06V40/18; Occluding parts, e.g. glasses; Geometrical relationships
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 10/60 for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 30/20 for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/20 for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/20 for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 90/10 Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

A method and apparatus for annotation of medical imagery to facilitate patient identification, diagnosis, and treatment is characterized by an imaging device for producing a first signal representative of sensed characteristics of the individual and a minutiae generator which receives the first signal and produces a second signal representative of minutiae of the individual, the minutiae corresponding to specific branch points of blood vessels of the individual. A minutiae data generator analyzes the characteristics of minutiae and produces a third signal representative of the characteristics which is stored in a minutiae database for each of the plurality of known individuals and their medical conditions. The minutiae and minutiae data may be used to annotate medical imagery to facilitate subsequent image comparison by providing standardized registration points and time-varying characteristics. A minutiae matcher pairs corresponding second signals and third signals from a current patient with those from a database record, and the paired signals are used to align the images and compare them. The minutiae analysis techniques of the invention can be used to identify medical patients, assist in the diagnosis of medical conditions, and detect and monitor the use of alcohol and drugs, including anesthesia.

Claims

1. A system for recognizing an individual, comprising

(a) an imaging device for producing a first signal representative of sensed thermal characteristics of the individual;

(b) a minutiae generator connected with said imaging device for receiving said first signal and producing in response thereto a second signal representative of minutiae of the individual, the minutiae corresponding to specific branch points of blood vessels of the individual;

(c) a minutiae database for storing minutiae data characteristics of minutiae for each of a plurality of known individuals and for producing a third signal representative of minutiae of each of the plurality of known individuals; and

(d) a minutiae matcher connected with said minutiae generator and said minutiae database for receiving said second and third signals and for producing a fourth signal when a match occurs between the minutiae for the individual and for one of the plurality of known individuals.

2. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein said imaging device comprises an infrared camera.

3. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein said minutiae are limited to those on the face of the individual.

4. A method for recognizing an individual, comprising the steps of

(a) sensing non-visual thermal characteristics of known individuals;

(b) identifying minutiae of each of the known individuals in response to said sensed non-visual thermal characteristics thereof, said minutiae corresponding to specific branch points of blood vessels of the known individuals;

(c) sensing non-visual thermal characteristics of a new individual;

(d) identifying minutiae of the new individual in response to said sensed non-visual thermal characteristics thereof;

(e) determining a distance metric for each of the known individuals with respect to the new individual in accordance with one of the identified minutiae and the data characteristics of the identified minutiae thereof; and

(f) determining a match between the individual and one of the known individuals in accordance with the distance metrics.

5. A system as defined in claim 4, wherein said minutiae are limited to those in the face of the individual.

6. A method for classifying an individual, comprising the steps of

(a) sensing thermal characteristics of the individual;

(b) producing a normalized representation of the individual in response to the sensed characteristics thereof;

(c) identifying minutiae of the individual in response to the normalized representation, said minutiae corresponding to specific branch points of blood vessels of the individual;

(d) determining a correspondence between a grid of cells and the normalized representation; and

(e) classifying the individual in response to co-location of at least one of said minutiae and at least one of said cells, thereby identifying the individual as corresponding to a class.

7. A method as defined in claim 6, wherein said classifying step includes encoding the identity of the individual using a plurality of bits each corresponding to one of said cells, setting one of the plurality of bits to a first state in response to the presence in a corresponding cell of one of said minutiae and to a second state in response to the absence in the corresponding cell of any of said minutiae.

8. A non-invasive method for identifying medical patients, comprising the steps of

(a) identifying minutiae on the body of a known patient from sensed thermal characteristics of the known patient, said minutiae corresponding with branch points of blood vessels;

(b) storing a collection of minutiae data characteristics of the minutiae for the known patient in a memory to define a reference collection, said reference collection being unique to the known patient;

(c) sampling the minutiae data of an unknown patient in a selected location of the unknown patient'"'"'s body to define a same collection;

(d) comparing said sample collection with said reference collection, whereby the identity of the unknown patient can be confirmed when said sample and reference collections correspond.

9. A method as defined in claim 8, and further comprising the steps of

(e) detecting any changes in said sample pattern with respect to said reference collection; and

(f) analyzing the changes to diagnose the occurrence of a medical event in the patient.