Self-structuring antenna system with a switchable antenna array and an optimizing controller

• US 6,175,723 B1
• Filed: 08/12/1998
• Issued: 01/16/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Original Assignee: The Board of Trustees of Michigan State University (Michigan State University)
• Inventors: Rothwell, Edward Joseph III
• Primary Examiner(s): Urban, Edward F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Gesesse, Tilahun
• Application Number:
  US09/133,017
• Time in Patent Office: 888 Days
• Field of Search: 455/562, 455/561, 455/25, 455/193.1, 455/121, 455/129, 455/63, 455/501, 455/69, 342/359, 342/368, 342/373, 342/374, 343/810, 343/812, 343/813, 343/814, 343/897, 343/876
• US Class Current: 455/63.1
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/061 Two dimensional planar arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/24 varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Abstract

A self-structuring antenna system that includes an antenna array defined by a plurality of antenna elements that are selectively electrically connectable to each other by series of switches, so as to alter the physical shape of the antenna array. The antenna elements include antenna wires, where the wires of adjacent antenna elements are connected by a mechanical or solid state switch. One or more feed points are electrically connected to predetermined locations within the antenna array and to a receiver associated with the antenna array. A feedback signal from the receiver provides an indication of signal reception and antenna performance. The feedback signal is applied to a computer that selectively opens and closes the switches. An algorithm is used to program the computer so that the opening and closing of the switches attempts to achieve antenna optimization and performance.

Claims

1. A self-structuring antenna system comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements positioned relative to each other in a predetermined orientation, each of the plurality of antenna elements being selectively electrically connectable to one or more of the other antenna elements;

a plurality of switches electrically connecting the plurality of antenna elements so that closing one of the switches causes at least two antenna elements to be electrically connected, wherein the plurality of switches in combination with the plurality of antenna elements defines an antenna array; and

a control device controlling each of the switches, said control device being responsive to a feedback signal that provides communication between the antenna array and the control device, the feedback signal causing the control device to open and close the switches based on a predetermined control scheme, the control scheme optimizing antenna performance based on the feedback signal by continuously switching the switches to change the electrical configuration of the antenna array.

2. The system according to claim 1 wherein the antenna elements include a pair of cross-wires.

3. The system according to claim 2 wherein the plurality of switches includes switches that electrically connect the cross-wires between adjacent antenna elements.

4. The system according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of antenna elements is a plurality of wires, said plurality of wires including wires of differing lengths.

5. The system according to claim 4 wherein the plurality of switches electrically connect adjacent wire elements such that closing of one switch provides an electrically conductive path different from the closing of any other switch.

6. The system according to claim 1 wherein the feedback signal is generated by a receiver connected to the antenna elements, said receiver generating the feedback signal based on a signal received by the antenna system.

7. The system according to claim 6 wherein the feedback signal is indicative of reception performance of the antenna system.

8. The system according to claim 1 wherein the control device is an embedded microcomputer that is run by an antenna algorithm that controls the closing and opening of the plurality of switches.

9. The system according to claim 1 further comprising at least one external sensor, said at least one external sensor outputting a signal to the control device to provide an indication of an external condition.

10. The system according to claim 1 wherein the switches are selected from the group consisting of mechanical relays, solid-state relays and opto-electronic relays.

11. The system according to claim 1 wherein the antenna elements include conductive disks.

12. A self-structuring antenna system for optimizing the reception performance of an antenna, said system comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements defining an antenna array, each of said antenna elements including at least one antenna wire, said antenna array being responsive to an electromagnetic signal;

a plurality of controllable switches electrically connecting the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the switches are selectively electrically closed to electrically connect at least two of the antenna elements in the array;

a receiver electrically connected to the antenna array at least one feed point, said receiver being responsive to the signal from the antenna array and generating a feedback signal based on the electromagnetic signal received by the antenna array; and

a control device controlled by an antenna algorithm, said control device being responsive to the feedback signal from the receiver and controlling the plurality of switches by continuously switching the switches to vary the electrical configuration of the antenna array to optimize the performance of the antenna system for a particular application.

13. The system according to claim 12 wherein the antenna elements include a pair of cross-wires, and wherein the plurality of switches electrically connect the cross-wires between adjacent antenna elements.

14. The system according to claim 12 wherein the antenna element wires include wires of differing lengths.

15. The system according to claim 14 wherein the plurality of switches electrically connects adjacent wire elements such that closing of one switch provides an electrically conductive path different from the closing of any other switch.

16. The system according to claim 12 wherein the control device is an embedded computer.

17. The system according to claim 12 wherein the switches are selected from the group consisting of mechanical relays, solid-state relays and opto-electronic relays.

18. A self-structuring antenna system comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements positioned relative to each other and defining an antenna array, each of said antenna elements being selectively electrically connectable to one or more of the other antenna elements;

a plurality of switch means for electrically connecting the plurality of antenna elements so that closing of one of the switch means causes at least two of the antenna elements to be electrically connected; and

a control means for controlling each of the switch means, said control means being responsive to a feedback signal that causes the control means to continuously open and close the switch means based on the reception performance of the antenna system so as to optimize the antenna performance based on the feedback signal for a given application.

19. The system according to claim 18 wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements includes a conductive wire.

20. The system according to claim 19 wherein the wires of the antenna elements have differing lengths such that the closing of one switch means provides an electrically conductive path different from the closing of any other switch means.

21. A system according to claim 18 further comprising a receiver means for receiving a signal from the antenna array, said receiver means generating the feedback signal.

22. A method of electrically restructuring an antenna, said method comprising:

providing a plurality of antenna elements that define an antenna array to receive an electromagnetic signal;

providing a plurality of switches electrically connecting the plurality of antenna elements where the closing of one of the switches causes at least two of the antenna elements to be electrically connected to change the electrical configuration of the array;

monitoring the performance of the reception of the electromagnetic signal by the antenna array;

determining an optimized electrical configuration of the antenna array based on the reception of the electromagnetic signal received by the antenna array;

switching the switches to the optimized electrical configuration of the antenna array based on the performance of the antenna array; and

continuously responding to changes in the reception performance so as to continuously optimize the performance of the antenna array.

23. The method according to claim 22 wherein providing a plurality of antenna elements includes providing a plurality of antenna elements made of wires, where a plurality of the wires are of different lengths.

24. The method according to claim 23 wherein providing a plurality of antenna elements and providing a plurality of switches is provided so that closing of one switch provides an electrically conductive path different from the closing of any other switch.

25. The method according to claim 22 wherein switching the switches includes using an antenna algorithm that controls a computer to control the switching of the switches.