Communications methods and apparatus

• US 6,178,161 B1
• Filed: 10/31/1997
• Issued: 01/23/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ciena Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Terry, John Brian
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Ajit
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, BRIAN D
• Application Number:
  US08/962,298
• Time in Patent Office: 1,180 Days
• Field of Search: 370/276, 370/277, 370/278, 370/279, 370/280, 370/281, 370/201, 370/286, 370/290, 370/295, 370/296, 370/445, 370/447, 370/252, 370/253, 375/222
• US Class Current: 370/276
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/40136 Nodes adapting their rate to the physical link properties LAN switches H04L49/351
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/403 with centralised control, e.g. polling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/413 with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/4612 LAN interconnection over narrowband networks, e.g. N-ISDN, PSTN, X.25
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03611 Iterative algorithms
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03038 with a non-recursive structure H04L25/03031 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0008 arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation negotiating modulation type for two-way transmission paths H04L5/1453
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/34 Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 49/90 Buffering arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/1438 Negotiation of transmission parameters prior to communication modified according to link quality H04L1/0001
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/1446 of transmission speed
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/1453 of modulation type
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/16 Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/50 in wire-line communication networks, e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate

Abstract

Ethernet frames are communicated via a telephone line between master and slave modems using half duplex communication of data and control information to avoid collisions, data to be transmitted being buffered in each modem. Different communication modes, involving different transmitted symbol frequencies, modulation methods, and bits per symbol to provide different transmission rates, can be used depending on errors on the line. To reduce signal attenuation and interference both of which increase with increasing frequency, a lowest frequency communication mode is used for transmitting control information when there is no data in the buffer for transmission, whereas a higher transmission rate communication mode is used for transmission of data and control information when the buffer is not empty. The communication mode can also be adjusted in dependence upon signal to noise ratio, signal and noise energies being monitored by the modem receiver respectively during and in a quiet period immediately following each received signal burst. Changes especially to a higher transmission rate communication mode can be made selectively depending upon a monitoring in the quiet period by the modem receiver of noise in the higher communication mode, the relevant signal to noise ratio being determined from this and a stored signal level for this mode.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting information comprising the steps of:

buffering at least some information to be transmitted;

selecting different ones of a plurality of communication modes depending upon an amount of information buffered in said buffering step; and

transmitting information using the selected communication mode;

wherein the information to be transmitted comprises data packets and control or response packets, the data packets are buffered, and the selection of the communication mode is dependent upon a number of buffered data packets to be transmitted;

wherein the plurality of communication modes comprise different symbol transmission frequencies and/or different modulation methods and/or bits per symbol providing a plurality of different transmitted bit rates; and

wherein the step of selecting different ones of the plurality of communication modes comprises selecting a communication mode having a relatively low symbol transmission frequency in response to there being no buffered data packets to be transmitted and selecting a determined one of the communication modes when there is at least one buffered data packet to be transmitted.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the determined one of the communication modes has a higher symbol transmission frequency than said relatively low symbol transmission frequency.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 and comprising the step of adaptively determining the determined one of the communication modes in dependence upon at least one communication parameter for the transmitted information.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1 and including the step of determining signal to noise ratios for the communication modes for use in the selecting step.

5. A modem for coupling between first and second communications paths, the first communications path providing for communication of data frames in a CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) network and the second communications path providing for communication of data of said frames and control information using half duplex communications with a complementary modem, the modem comprising:

a first buffer for buffering information received via the first path for transmission via the second path;

a control unit;

a transmitter for transmitting data from the first buffer and control information from the control unit via the second path;

a receiver for receiving information from the second path; and

a second buffer for buffering information received by the receiver for supply to the first path;

wherein the transmitter and receiver are operable under the control of the control unit in any of a plurality of communication modes providing different transmission rates in each direction on the second path, and the control unit is responsive to data in the first buffer for controlling the transmitter to use different communication modes providing respectively lower and higher transmission rates in the absence and presence of data to be transmitted from the first buffer.

6. A method of determining a signal to noise ratio on a communications path of a communications system in which signals are transmitted in bursts, wherein the communications system provides for any of a plurality of communication modes providing different transmission rates for the signal bursts on the communications path, comprising the steps of:

monitoring signal energy received via the communications path during a signal burst;

monitoring noise energy received via the communications path between successive signal bursts;

determining a signal to noise ratio from the monitored signal and noise energies; and

changing the communication mode for signal bursts in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio,

wherein the step of changing the communication mode comprises changing to a communicator mode providing a higher transmission rate, in response to the determined signal to noise ratio exceeding a threshold, comprising the steps of;

monitoring noise energy received via the communications path between successive signal bursts for communications using the communication mode providing the higher transmission rate;

determining a signal to noise ratio for the communication mode providing the higher transmission rate from a stored signal energy and the monitored noise energy for this communication mode; and

selectively changing to the communication mode providing the higher transmission rate in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio for this communication mode.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the communications system provides half duplex communications on the communications path, and the noise energy received via the communications path is monitored during a monitoring period following receipt of a signal burst via the communications path and before transmission of a signal burst in an opposite direction via the communications path.

8. A method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the step of changing the communication mode comprises changing to a communication mode providing a lower transmission rate in response to the determined signal to noise ratio falling below a threshold.

9. In a half duplex communications system having a plurality of communication modes providing different transmitted bit rates using different symbol transmission frequencies and/or different modulation methods and/or bits per symbol, a method of changing the communication mode comprising the steps of:

monitoring noise energy received using the current communication mode following a received signal and before transmission of a signal;

determining a signal to noise ratio for the current communication mode from the monitored signal and noise energies;

changing the communication mode in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio; and

determining and storing signal energy for a new communication mode to which a change may be made from the current communication mode,

wherein the step of changing from the current to the new communication mode comprises the steps of;

monitoring noise energy received using the new communication mode following a received signal using the current communication mode and before transmission of a signal;

determining a signal to noise ratio for the new communication mode from the stored signal energy and the monitored noise energy for the new communication mode; and

selectively changing to the new communication mode in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio for the new communication mode.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the step of changing the communication mode comprises changing to a communication mode providing a lower transmission rate in response to the determined signal to noise ratio falling below a threshold.

11. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the step of changing the communication mode comprises changing to a communication mode providing a higher transmission rate in response to the determined signal to noise ratio exceeding a threshold.

12. A method as claimed in claim 9 and further comprising the step of monitoring an error rate of communications using the current communication mode, wherein the step of changing the communication mode is dependent upon the monitored error rate as well as the determined signal to noise ratio.

13. Communications apparatus comprising:

a receiver for receiving information via a communications path;

a transmitter for transmitting information via the communications path; and

a control unit for controlling half duplex communications of the receiver and transmitter;

wherein the receiver is configurable under the control of the control unit to use any of a plurality of communication modes providing different transmission rates on the communications path, and the control unit and receiver are arranged to;

determine signal energy of a signal received using a current communication mode;

determine noise energy received using the current communication mode following a received signal and before transmission of a signal by the transmitter;

determine a signal to noise ratio for the current communication mode from the determined signal and noise energies, whereby the communication mode can be changed in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio;

determine noise energy received using a new communication mode, to which a change may be made, following a received signal using the current communication mode and before transmission of a signal by the transmitter; and

determine a signal to noise ratio for the new communication mode from a stored signal energy for the new communication mode and the determined noise energy for the new communication mode, whereby the current communication mode can be changed to the new communication mode selectively in dependence upon the determined signal to noise ratio for the new communication mode.