System and method for producing a fixed effort quantization step size with a binary search

• US 6,182,034 B1
• Filed: 06/30/1998
• Issued: 01/30/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/27/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Malvar, Henrique S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Dorvil, Richemond
• Application Number:
  US09/109,994
• Time in Patent Office: 945 Days
• Field of Search: 704/204, 704/500, 704/203, 704/230, 704/503, 704/504, 704/222, 704/229, 704/200, 704/211, 704/501
• US Class Current: 704/230
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/0212 using orthogonal transformation
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 19/24 Variable rate codecs, e.g. for generating different qualities using a scalable representation such as hierarchical encoding or layered encoding

Abstract

The coder/decoder (codec) system of the present invention includes a coder and a decoder. The coder includes a multi-resolution transform processor, such as a modulated lapped transform (MLT) transform processor, a weighting processor, a uniform quantizer, a masking threshold spectrum processor, an entropy encoder, and a communication device, such as a multiplexor (MUX) for multiplexing (combining) signals received from the above components for transmission over a single medium. The decoder comprises inverse components of the encoder, such as an inverse multi-resolution transform processor, an inverse weighting processor, an inverse uniform quantizer, an inverse masking threshold spectrum processor, an inverse entropy encoder, and an inverse MUX. With these components, the present invention is capable of performing resolution switching, spectral weighting, digital encoding, and parametric modeling.

Claims

1. In a computer implemented encoding system for encoding an input audio signal, a method for determining an optimal quantization step size to control an effective bit rate and preserve reconstruction fidelity of the audio signal, the method comprising:

predetermining a finite set of quantization step sizes; and

searching for an optimal value within the set with a binary search by iteratively adjusting the quantization step sizes until the bit rate matches a predefined desired rate without exceeding the predefined rate for efficiently digitally quantizing the audio signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the encoding system is a Tunstall encoding system.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the finite set of quantization step sizes that is dependent on regulatory scaling of the input signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein searching for an optimal value within the set with a binary search by iteratively adjusting the quantization step sizes until the bit rate matches a predefined desired rate is performed with at least 1 dB precision.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimal value is represented with no more than 7 bits and an upper limit of 64 different step sizes.

6. A digital encoding system adapted to encode an input audio signal and for determining an optimal quantization step size to control an effective bit rate and preserve reconstruction fidelity of the audio signal, comprising:

a coder that predetermines a finite set of quantization step sizes; and

a search module that iteratively adiusts the quantization step sizes until the bit rate matches a predefined desired rate without exceeding the predefined rate for digitally quantizing the audio signal.

7. The encoding system of claim 6, wherein the encoding system is a Tunstall encoding system.

8. The encoding system of claim 6, wherein the finite set of quantization step sizes is dependent on regulatory scaling of the input signal.

9. The encoding system of claim 6, wherein searching for an optimal value within the set with a binary search by iteratively adjusting the quantization step sizes until the bit rate matches a predefined desired rate is performed with at least 1 dB precision.

10. The encoding system of claim 6, wherein the optimal value is represented with no more than 7 bits and an upper limit of 64 different step sizes.

11. A computer implemented system for determining an optimal quantization step size for controlling reconstruction fidelity and a bit rate of an input audio signal, comprising:

a spectral weight module that produces transform coefficients from the audio signal; and

an entropy encoder that that receives transform coefficients of the audio signal and uses pre-computed threshold values of the transform coefficients to replace runs of specific quantized values of the audio signal with symbols that represent the length of the run and iteratively adiusts the quantization step sizes for matching a predefined rate using a binary search of a predetermined set of possible step sizes without exceeding the predefined rate for digitally processing the audio signal.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the quantization step size is iteratively adjusted until the bit rate at the output of a symbol encoder matches the desired bit rate as closely as possible.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the optimal step size is determined within 1 dB precision.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein subband frequency coefficients of the signal are quantized with a step size proportional to a weighting function for generating the coefficients from the signal.

15. The method of claim 11 wherein the predetermined set of possible step sizes is dependent upon regulatory scaling of the input signal.

16. The method of claim 11 wherein the optimal step size is represented with no more than seven bits.

17. The method of claim 11 wherein the set of possible step sizes includes about 64 different step sizes.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the quantization step size is dependent on regulatory scaling of an input signal.