High-side current-sensing smart battery charger

• US 6,184,660 B1
• Filed: 03/25/1999
• Issued: 02/06/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: O2 Micro International Limited (O2 Micro Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: O2 Micro Incorporated
• Inventors: Hatular, Alexandru
• Primary Examiner(s): Wong, Peter S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): LUK, LAWRENCE W
• Application Number:
  US09/276,616
• Time in Patent Office: 684 Days
• Field of Search: 320/141, 320/139, 320/145, 320/140
• US Class Current: 320/141
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2207/20 Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/02 for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 40/00 Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A battery charger IC for controlling operation of a buck converter circuit that includes a series switch and a resistor for sensing battery charging current. The battery charger IC includes a pulse-width-modulation switch drive circuit that, during charging of the battery, supplies to the buck converter circuit with an electrical signal which repeatedly turns-on and then turns-off the series switch. The battery charger IC also includes a charging-current sense amplifier which receives from the current-sensing resistor and amplifies an electrical signal which represents the battery charging electrical current. The charging-current sense amplifier includes a bridge circuit to which is coupled the electrical signal received by the charging-current sense amplifier from the current-sensing resistor and an auto-zero circuit.

Claims

1. A battery charger integrated circuit (“

IC”

) adapted for controlling operation of a buck converter circuit, the buck converter circuit being adapted for receiving electrical energy from an external power source and supplying electrical energy for charging a battery, the buck converter circuit including a series switch that receives an electrical current from the external power source and that supplies an electrical current to the battery during charging thereof, and the buck converter circuit also including a current-sensing resistor connected in series between the external power source and the battery through which flows electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof, the battery charger IC comprising;

a pulse-width-modulation switch drive circuit for supplying to the series switch during charging of the battery an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on and then turning-off the series switch included in the buck converter circuit; and

a charging-current sense amplifier for receiving from the current-sensing resistor and for amplifying an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof, said charging-current sense amplifier including a bridge circuit to which is coupled the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor.

2. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein the bridge circuit includes at least one resistor.

3. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein the bridge circuit is a resistive bridge circuit.

4. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier further includes an auto-zero portion which automatically compensates for long-term drift or mismatch occurring within said charging-current sense amplifier.

5. The battery charger IC of claim 4 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier stores a reference zero charging-current value, and wherein during a successive charging-current sensing-time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier, responsive to the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor, generates an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof.

6. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein the electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof as amplified by the charging-current sense amplifier is used within the battery charger IC for controlling the electrical signal supplied by the switch drive circuit which repeatedly turns on and then off the series switch included in the buck converter circuit.

7. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein the switch drive circuit further supplies an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on a synchronous rectifier switch included in the buck converter circuit while the series switch is turned-off, and then turning-off the synchronous rectifier switch while the a series switch is turned-on.

8. The battery charger IC of claim 7 wherein the electrical signal from the switch drive circuit turns the synchronous rectifier switch on only after the series switch turns-off, and turns the synchronous rectifier switch off only before the series switch turns-on.

9. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein the battery is a smart battery, the battery charger IC further comprising a SMB interface and charging control which adapts the battery charger IC for interconnection with the smart battery by a SMBus, and for exchanging data with other devices connected to the SMB interface and charging control including the smart battery.

21. The battery charger IC of claim 1 wherein said battery charger IC further supplies an electrical signal that is adapted for:

turning a reverse-current-protection switch on when the electrical current charging the battery exceeds a first pre-established threshold to provide a low-resistance path through the reverse-current-protection switch between the buck converter circuit and the battery; and

for turning the reverse-current-protection switch off when the electrical current charging the battery is less than a second pre-established threshold thereby blocking reverse-current flow through the reverse-current-protection switch from the battery to the buck converter circuit.

10. A battery powered device comprising:

a battery for energizing operation of the device;

a buck converter circuit that is adapted for receiving electrical energy from an external power source and supplying electrical energy for charging said battery, said buck converter circuit including a series switch that receives an electrical current from the external power source and that supplies an electrical current to said battery during charging thereof, said buck converter circuit also including a current-sensing resistor connected in series between the external power source said battery through which flows electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof; and

a battery charger IC adapted for controlling operation of said buck converter circuit, said battery charger IC including;

a pulse-width-modulation switch drive circuit for supplying to the series switch during charging of said battery an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on and then turning-off the series switch included in said buck converter circuit; and

a charging-current sense amplifier for receiving from the current-sensing resistor and for amplifying an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof, said charging-current sense amplifier including a bridge circuit to which is coupled the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor.

11. The device of claim 10 wherein the bridge circuit includes at least one resistor.

12. The device of claim 10 wherein the bridge circuit is a resistive bridge circuit.

13. The device of claim 12 further comprising at least one resistor disposed between the current-sensing resistor and the bridge circuit through which passes at least a portion of the electrical signal which the bridge circuit receives from the current-sensing resistor.

14. The device of claim 10 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier further includes an auto-zero portion which automatically compensates for long-term drift or mismatch occurring within said charging-current sense amplifier.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier transmits a signal which causes closure of a switch that is included in the device and which is located outside said battery charger IC, closure of said switch simulating said buck converter circuit supplying no charging electrical current to said battery.

16. The device of claim 14 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier stores a reference zero charging-current value, and wherein during a successive charging-current sensing-time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier, responsive to the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor, generates an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof.

17. The device of claim 10 wherein the electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof as amplified by the charging-current sense amplifier is used within said battery charger IC for controlling the electrical signal supplied by the switch drive circuit which repeatedly turns on and then off the series switch included in said buck converter circuit.

18. The device of claim 10 wherein:

said buck converter circuit further includes a synchronous rectifier switch; and

the switch drive circuit supplies an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on the synchronous rectifier switch while the series switch is turned-off, and then turning-off the synchronous rectifier switch while the series switch is turned-on.

19. The device of claim 18 wherein the electrical signal from the switch drive circuit turns the synchronous rectifier switch on only after the series switch turns-off, and turns the synchronous rectifier switch off only before the series switch turns-on.

20. The device of claim 10 wherein:

said battery is a smart battery;

the device further comprises a SMBus that interconnects said smart battery with said battery charger IC; and

said battery charger IC further includes a SMB interface and charging control that is coupled to said SMBus, and via which said battery charger IC exchanges data with other devices connected to the SMBus including said smart battery.

22. The device of claim 10 further comprising a reverse-current-protection switch connected in series between said buck converter circuit and said battery that is operable both to provide a low-resistance path between said buck converter circuit and said battery, and to block reverse-current flow through said reverse-current-protection switch from said battery to said buck converter circuit;

and

said battery charger IC supplies an electrical signal to said reverse-current-protection switch;

for turning said reverse-current-protection switch on when the electrical current charging said battery exceeds a first pre-established threshold; and

for turning said reverse-current-protection switch off when the electrical current charging said battery is less than a second pre-established threshold.

23. A battery charger integrated circuit (“

IC”

) adapted for controlling operation of a buck converter circuit, the buck converter circuit being adapted for receiving electrical energy from an external power source and supplying electrical energy for charging a battery, the buck converter circuit including a series switch that receives an electrical current from the external power source and that supplies an electrical current to the battery during charging thereof, and the buck converter circuit also including a current-sensing resistor connected in series between the external power source and the battery through which flows electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof, the battery charger IC comprising;

a pulse-width-modulation switch drive circuit for supplying to the series switch during charging of the battery an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on and then turning-off the series switch included in the buck converter circuit; and

a charging-current sense amplifier for receiving from the current-sensing resistor and for amplifying an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof, said charging-current sense amplifier including an auto-zero portion which automatically compensates for long-term drift or mismatch occurring within said charging-current sense amplifier.

24. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier includes a bridge circuit which receives the electrical signal from the current-sensing resistor, and which includes at least one resistor.

25. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier includes a resistive bridge circuit which receives the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor.

26. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier stores a reference zero charging-current value, and wherein during a successive charging-current sensing-time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier, responsive to the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor, generates an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof.

27. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein the electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to the battery during charging thereof as amplified by the charging-current sense amplifier is used within the battery charger IC for controlling the electrical signal supplied by the switch drive circuit which repeatedly turns on and then off the series switch included in the buck converter circuit.

28. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein the switch drive circuit further supplies an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on a synchronous rectifier switch included in the buck converter circuit while the series switch is turned-off, and then turning-off the synchronous rectifier switch while the series switch is turned-on.

29. The battery charger IC of claim 28 wherein the electrical signal from the switch drive circuit turns the synchronous rectifier switch on only after the series switch turns-off, and turns the synchronous rectifier switch off only before the series switch turns-on.

30. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein said battery charger IC further supplies an electrical signal that is adapted for:

turning a reverse-current-protection switch on when the electrical current charging the battery exceeds a first pre-established threshold to provide a low-resistance path through the reverse-current-protection switch between the buck converter circuit and the battery; and

for turning the reverse-current-protection switch off when the electrical current charging the battery is less than a second pre-established threshold thereby blocking reverse-current flow through the reverse-current-protection switch from the battery to the buck converter circuit.

31. The battery charger IC of claim 23 wherein the battery is a smart battery, the battery charger IC further comprising a SMB interface and charging control which adapts the battery charger IC for interconnection with the smart battery by a SMBus, and for exchanging data with other devices connected to the SMB interface and charging control including the smart battery.

32. A battery powered device comprising:

a battery for energizing operation of the device;

a buck converter circuit that is adapted for receiving electrical energy from an external power source and supplying electrical energy for charging said battery, said buck converter circuit including a series switch that receives an electrical current from the external power source and that supplies an electrical current to said battery during charging thereof, said buck converter circuit also including a current-sensing resistor connected in series between the external power source said battery through which flows electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof;

a battery charger IC adapted for controlling operation of said buck converter circuit, said battery charger IC including;

a pulse-width-modulation switch drive circuit for supplying to the series switch during charging of said battery an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on and then turning-off the series switch included in said buck converter circuit; and

a charging-current sense amplifier for receiving from the current-sensing resistor and for amplifying an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof, said charging-current sense amplifier including an auto-zero portion which automatically compensates for long-term drift or mismatch occurring within said charging-current sense amplifier.

33. The device of claim 32 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier includes a bridge circuit which receives the electrical signal from the current-sensing resistor, and which includes at least one resistor.

34. The device of claim 32 wherein said charging-current sense amplifier includes a resistive bridge circuit which receives the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor.

35. The device of claim 34 further comprising at least one resistor disposed between the current-sensing resistor and the bridge circuit through which passes at least a portion of the electrical signal which the bridge circuit receives from the current-sensing resistor.

36. The device of claim 32 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier transmits a signal which causes closure of a switch that is included in the device and which is located outside said battery charger IC, closure of said switch simulating said buck converter circuit supplying no charging electrical current to said battery.

37. The device of claim 32 wherein during an auto-zero time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier stores a reference zero charging-current value, and wherein during a successive charging-current sensing-time-interval the charging-current sense amplifier, responsive to the electrical signal received from the current-sensing resistor, generates an electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof.

38. The device of claim 32 wherein the electrical signal which represents the electrical current supplied to said battery during charging thereof as amplified by the charging-current sense amplifier is used within said battery charger IC for controlling the electrical signal supplied by the switch drive circuit which repeatedly turns on and then off the series switch included in said buck converter circuit.

39. The device of claim 32 wherein:

said buck converter circuit further includes a synchronous rectifier switch; and

the switch drive circuit supplies an electrical signal adapted for repeatedly turning-on the synchronous rectifier switch while the series switch is turned-off, and then turning-off the synchronous rectifier switch while the series switch is turned-on.

40. The device of claim 39 wherein the electrical signal from the switch drive circuit turns the synchronous rectifier switch on only after the series switch turns-off, and turns the synchronous rectifier switch off only before the series switch turns-on.

41. The device of claim 32 further comprising a reverse-current-protection switch connected in series between said buck converter circuit and said battery that is operable both to provide a low-resistance path between said buck converter circuit and said battery, and to block reverse-current flow through said reverse-current-protection switch from said battery to said buck converter circuit;

and

said battery charger IC supplies an electrical signal to said reverse-current-protection switch;

for turning said reverse-current-protection switch on when the electrical current charging said battery exceeds a first pre-established threshold; and

for turning said reverse-current-protection switch off when the electrical current charging said battery is less than a second pre-established threshold.

42. The device of claim 32 wherein:

said battery is a smart battery;

the device further comprises a SMBus that interconnects said smart battery with said battery charger IC; and

said battery charger IC further includes a SMB interface and charging control that is coupled to said SMBus, and via which said battery charger IC exchanges data with other devices connected to the SMBus including said smart battery.