Phased array antenna

• US 6,184,832 B1
• Filed: 05/17/1996
• Issued: 02/06/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/17/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Zagrodnick, Robert P., Rhein, James E., Geyh, Edward A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wimer, Michael C.
• Application Number:
  US08/649,374
• Time in Patent Office: 1,726 Days
• Field of Search: H01/Q 2.100, H01/Q.138, 343/853, 343/700.MS, 343/778
• US Class Current: 343/700.0MS
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/02 Arrangements for de-icing; Arrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/0087 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays manufacturing waveguides H01P11/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/065 Patch antenna array

Abstract

A phased array antenna having an array of antenna elements, an array of phase shifter sections, each one thereof being associated with a corresponding one of the antenna elements, and a cold-plate having a pair of surfaces, one of the surfaces having the array of phase shifter sections mounted, and thermally coupled, thereto and an opposite one of the pair of surfaces having thermally conductive posts projecting outwardly therefrom, each one of the posts being disposed behind a corresponding one of the plurality of mounted phase shifter sections. A heat sink plate is thermally coupled to distal ends of the posts. The cold-plate has a plurality of feeds passing therethrough. The phased array antenna includes a power/radio frequency energy distribution section mounted to said opposite one of the pair of cold plate surfaces for distributing power and radio frequency energy among the phase shifter sections mounted to the cold plate. The radio frequency energy distribution section comprises a plurality of stacked printed circuit boards and the posts pass through the stacked printed circuit boards to the heat sink plate and radio frequency energy is coupled to the phase shifter section though coupling power dividers and slots provided in the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards. An array of antenna elements is provided having an array of patch radiators. A conductive layer is provided having an array of cavities disposed therein, each one of the patch radiators being disposed over an associated one of the cavities.

Claims

1. A phased array antenna, comprising:

an array of antenna elements having multiple layer sections;

an array of phase shifter sections each one thereof being associated with a corresponding one of the antenna elements in the array thereof;

an electrically and thermally conductive cold-plate having a pair of opposing surfaces, one of the opposing surfaces having the array of phase shifter sections mounted, and thermally coupled thereto and an opposite one of the pair of opposing surfaces having thermally conductive posts with proximal ends thermally connected to the opposite one of the opposing surfaces and projecting outwardly therefrom;

a heat sink plate thermally coupled to distal ends of the posts, and

a power/radio frequency energy distribution section mounted to said opposite one of the pair of cold-plate surfaces for distributing power and radio frequency energy among the phase shifter sections mounted to the cold-plate.

2. The phased array antenna recited in claim 1 wherein the cold-plate has a plurality of feeds passing therethrough, a set of such feeds being associated with a corresponding one of the phase shifter sections, a pair of such feeds in each set thereof being adapted to provide power to the associated one of the phase shifter sections and another one of the feeds in the set thereof being adapted to couple therethrough radio frequency energy associated with such one of the phase shifter sections.

3. The phased array antenna recited in claim 2 wherein the plurality of feeds extend through the cold-plate along a direction parallel to the posts.

4. The phased array antenna recited in claim 1 wherein the power/radio frequency energy distribution section comprises a plurality of stacked printed circuit boards and wherein the posts pass through the stacked printed circuit boards to the heat sink plate.

5. The phased array antenna recited in claim 4 including an antenna section comprising the array of antenna elements, such antenna section being mounted to the first mentioned surface of the cold-plate.

6. The phased array antenna recited in claim 4 wherein the array of antenna elements are arranged in columns and wherein one of the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards includes a plurality of voltage buses disposed in columns and an additional bus disposed obliquely to, and electrically interconnecting, the plurality of voltage buses.

7. The phased array antenna recited in claim 6 wherein a second one of the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards includes a plurality of second voltage buses disposed in columns and an additional second bus disposed obliquely to, and electrically interconnecting, the plurality of second voltage buses.

8. The phased array antenna recited in claim 7 wherein the heat sink plate has a radio frequency connector and wherein the power/radio frequency energy distribution section is coupled to the radio frequency connector and wherein radio frequency energy fed to the radio frequency connector is coupled to the phase shifter sections though coupling slots provided in the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards.

9. The phased array antenna recited in claim 1 wherein each one of the posts is disposed behind a corresponding one of the plurality of mounted phase shifter sections and through the multiple layer sections.

10. An array of antenna elements, comprising:

an array of patch radiators;

an electrically and thermally conductive layer having an array of cavities disposed therein, each one of the patch radiators in the array thereof being disposed over an associated one of the cavities;

an array of phase shifter sections, each one of the phase shifter sections in the array thereof corresponding to one of the cavities;

multiple overlaying layers;

a conductive cold-plate having a pair of opposing surfaces, one of the opposing surfaces having the array of phase shifter sections mounted and thermally coupled thereto, and coupled to corresponding ones of the patch radiators in the array of patch radiators and an opposite one of the pair of opposing surfaces having thermally conductive posts with proximal ends thermally connected to the opposite one of the opposing surfaces and projecting outwardly therefrom, each of the posts being disposed behind a corresponding one of the plurality of mounted phase shifter sections and through the multiple overlaying layers;

a heat sink plate thermally coupled to distal ends of the posts; and

wherein the multiple overlaying layers comprises a power/radio frequency energy distribution section mounted to said opposite one of the pair of cold-plate surfaces for distributing power and radio frequency energy among the phase shifter sections mounted to the cold-plate.

11. The array of antenna elements recited in claim 10 wherein the power/radio frequency distribution section includes an RF feed for each one of the cavities.

12. The array of antenna elements recited in claim 11 wherein each RF feed includes a pair of orthogonal slots.

13. The array of antenna elements recited in claim 10 further comprising an array of isolators disposed on a common substrate between the array of patch radiators and the array of phase shifter sections, each isolator being electrically coupled to a corresponding patch radiator and a corresponding phase shifter section.

14. A phased array antenna, comprising:

an array of antenna elements;

an array of phase shifter sections each one thereof being associated with a corresponding one of the antenna elements in the array thereof, each one of the phase shifter sections having a microwave monolithic integrated circuit;

an electrically and thermally conductive member having a plurality of pockets, each one of such pockets corresponding to a phase shifter section of the array of phase shifter sections, each pocket including side walls and a bottom wall, each one of the array of phase shifter sections being mounted, and thermally coupled, to one surface of the bottom wall of a corresponding one of the pockets, the microwave monolithic integrated circuit of each phase shifter section being thermally coupled to the bottom wall; and

a power/radio frequency energy distribution section mounted to an opposite surface of the bottom wall of each one of the pockets for distributing power and radio frequency energy among the phase shifter sections mounted to the conductive member.

15. The phased array antenna recited in claim 14 wherein the conductive member has a plurality of feeds passing therethrough, a set of such feeds being associated with a corresponding one of the phase shifter sections, a pair of such feeds in each set thereof being adapted to provide power to the associated one of the phase shifter sections and another one of the feeds in the set thereof being adapted to couple therethrough radio frequency energy associated with such one of the phase shifter sections.

16. The phased array antenna recited in claim 15 wherein the plurality of feeds extend through the conductive member.

17. A phased array antenna, comprising:

an array of antenna elements;

an array of phase shifter sections, each one thereof being associated with a corresponding one of the antenna elements;

an electrically conductive member having a plurality of pockets each one thereof corresponding to a phase shifter section of the array of phase shifter sections, each pocket including side walls and a bottom wall, each one of the array of phase shifter sections being disposed on, and mounted to, one surface of the bottom wall of a corresponding one of the pockets;

thermal conductors connected to the array of phase shifter sections and extending away from the bottom walls of the pockets; and

a power/radio frequency energy distribution section mounted to an opposite surface of the bottom wall of each one of the pockets for distributing power and radio frequency energy among the phase shifter sections mounted to the conductive member.

18. The phased array antenna recited in claim 17 wherein a heat sink plate is thermally coupled to distal ends of the thermal conductors.

19. The phased array antenna recited in claim 17, wherein the power/radio frequency energy distribution section comprises a plurality of stacked printed circuit boards and wherein the thermal conductors pass through the stacked printed circuit boards to a heat sink plate.

20. The phased array antenna recited in claim 19 including an antenna section comprising the array of antenna elements, such antenna section being mounted to a surface of the conductive member.

21. The phased array antenna recited in claim 20 wherein the array of antenna elements are arranged in columns and wherein one of the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards includes a plurality of voltage buses disposed in columns and an additional bus disposed obliquely to, and electrically interconnecting, the plurality of voltage buses.

22. The phased array antenna recited in claim 21 wherein a second one of the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards includes a plurality of second voltage buses disposed in columns and an additional second bus disposed obliquely to, and electrically interconnecting, the plurality of second voltage buses.

23. The phased array antenna recited in claim 22 wherein the heat sink plate has a radio frequency connector and wherein the power/radio frequency energy distribution section is coupled to the radio frequency connector and wherein radio frequency energy fed to the radio frequency connector is coupled to the phase shifter sections though coupling slots provided in the stacked, power/radio frequency energy distribution section printed circuit boards.