Vehicle cabin cooling system for capturing and exhausting heated boundary layer air from inner surfaces of solar heated windows

• US 6,186,886 B1
• Filed: 04/14/1999
• Issued: 02/13/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 04/14/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alliance For Sustainable Energy LLC
• Original Assignee: Midwest Research Institute
• Inventors: Anderson, Ren, Farrington, Robert B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Joyce, Harold
• Application Number:
  US09/292,078
• Time in Patent Office: 671 Days
• Field of Search: 454/75, 454/122, 454/124, 454/141, 454/162, 454/164, 454/165, 454/198
• US Class Current: 454/141
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 1/243 located in the lateral area (e.g. doors, pillars)
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 1/248 Air-extractors, air-evacuation from the vehicle interior

Abstract

The cabin cooling system includes a cooling duct positioned proximate and above upper edges of one or more windows of a vehicle to exhaust hot air as the air is heated by inner surfaces of the windows and forms thin boundary layers of heated air adjacent the heated windows. The cabin cooling system includes at least one fan to draw the hot air into the cooling duct at a flow rate that captures the hot air in the boundary layer without capturing a significant portion of the cooler cabin interior air and to discharge the hot air at a point outside the vehicle cabin, such as the vehicle trunk. In a preferred embodiment, the cooling duct has a cross-sectional area that gradually increases from a distal point to a proximal point to the fan inlet to develop a substantially uniform pressure drop along the length of the cooling duct. Correspondingly, this cross-sectional configuration develops a uniform suction pressure and uniform flow rate at the upper edge of the window to capture the hot air in the boundary layer adjacent each window.

Claims

1. A cooling system for a passenger compartment of a vehicle that is partially enclosed by windows that get exposed to solar radiation, comprising:

glass comprising said windows that is partially transparent to incident solar radiation and absorptive of some incident solar radiation which glass gets hot upon absorption of solar radiation and transfers heat by conduction to air in said passenger compartment that contacts said glass, resulting in formation of a boundary layer of hot air having a width less than about 0.5 inches that flows upwardly in a laminar flow path adjacent said glass;

a duct having an inlet that is positioned in the passenger compartment adjacent the glass in said laminar flow path and an outlet that is positioned outside the passenger compartment, said inlet extending outward from the glass a distance equal to about the width of said boundary layer; and

a fan positioned in said duct, said fan being operable in a manner that decreases pressure in said duct in relation to air pressure in said boundary layer to draw air in said laminar flow path into said duct and in a manner that exhausts said air out of said outlet.

2. A cabin cooling system for maintaining lower interior temperatures in a passenger cabin of a vehicle exposed to solar radiation by selectively exhausting boundary layers of heated air formed adjacent at least one interior surface of at least one window of the vehicle, said cabin cooling system comprising:

a cooling duct adjacent the window, said cooling duct including at least one inlet disposed proximate to said interior surface of the window;

at least one fan disposed within said cooling duct for drawing at least one of said boundary layers of heated air into said inlet and through said cooling duct at a predetermined flow rate of at least about 0.5 cubic feet per minute per linear foot as measured along an upper edge of the window;

at least one outlet formed in said cooling duct for discharging said boundary layer of heated air to the exterior of the cabin.

3. The cabin cooling system of claim 2, wherein said flow rate is substantially uniform such that the air drawn into the cooling duct is substantially heated air from the boundary layer.

4. The cabin cooling system of claim 3, said cabin cooling system further including at least one air inlet vent positioned on the vehicle and adapted to allow ambient air exterior to the vehicle to flow into the cabin at an inlet flow rate of about the flow rate of heated air through said cooling duct.

5. The cabin cooling system of claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the air drawn into the cooling duct is selected based on the height of the window.

6. The cabin cooling system of claim 3, wherein the uniform flow rate of the heated air is at least about 0.5 cubic feet per minute per linear foot and less than about 5 cubic feet per minute per linear foot as measured along an upper edge of the window.

7. The cabin cooling system of claim 3, wherein said cooling duct includes a distal end and a proximal end, said cooling duct having a cross-sectional area that increases from the distal end to the proximal end, thereby creating a substantially uniform pressure drop as the heated air is drawn through said cooling duct.

8. The cabin cooling system of claim 2, said cabin cooling system further including a control device for selectively operating said at least one fan in response to a signal from a sensor.

9. The cabin cooling system of claim 8, wherein said sensor is adapted to sense when solar radiation contacts the window.

10. The cabin cooling system of claim 8, wherein said sensor is adapted to sense temperature of ambient air within the cabin of the vehicle and transmit said signal when said sensed temperature exceeds a selected temperature.

11. The cabin cooling system of claim 10, said cabin cooling system including at least two fans that are selectively operable by said control device to operate individually and concurrently.

12. The cabin cooling system of claim 11, wherein said predetermined flow rate is set by said control device in response to the sensed temperature.

13. The cabin cooling system of claim 10, wherein said at least one fan has a variable capacity, whereby said predetermined flow rate is set by said control device in response to the sensed temperature.

14. The cabin cooling system of claim 2, wherein said outlet is disposed within a trunk of the vehicle.

15. The cabin cooling system of claim 14, wherein the trunk includes a pressure relief vent.

16. The cabin cooling system of claim 2, further comprising a radiation blocking layer mounted on the window, said radiation blocking layer being substantially transparent to visible light with infrared reflective properties.

17. The cabin cooling system of claim 16, wherein said radiation blocking layer blocks at least about 50 percent of the total solar radiation from entering the interior of the vehicle.

18. The cabin cooling system of claim 2, further comprising a removable screen mounted on the interior surface of the window for inhibiting the transfer of solar radiation and heat into the vehicle.

19. The cabin cooling system of claim 18, wherein said screen has an upper edge adjacent, and extending substantially parallel to, said inlet of said cooling duct, such that at least one boundary layer of heated air formed adjacent said screen is drawn into said cooling duct.

20. Cooling apparatus for controlling build up of heat within an enclosed space, the enclosed space defined by at least one surface having an elevated temperature relative to the enclosed space such that gases adjacent the surface are heated to an elevated temperature relative to surrounding gases within the enclosed space, the heated gases flowing upward adjacent the surface in a boundary layer, the cooling apparatus comprising:

a cooling duct positioned above and proximate an upper edge of the surface, said cooling duct including a gas inlet;

a fan in fluid communication with said cooling duct to draw gases heated by the at least one surface into said gas inlet and through said cooling duct at a predetermined flow rate, said fan having a volumetric flow rate capacity selected so as to substantially capture gases in the boundary layer substantially without capturing unheated air in the enclosed space; and

a gas outlet downstream of said fan and outside of the enclosed space.

21. The cooling apparatus of claim 20, wherein said cooling duct is elongate and positioned adjacent the upper edge, and further wherein said flow rate of the gases drawn into said gas inlet is substantially uniform along the upper edge of the surface.

22. The cooling apparatus of claim 21, wherein said flow rate of the gases drawn into said gas inlet is determined based on area of the surface.

23. The cooling apparatus of claim 22, wherein said flow rate of the air is substantially uniform per linear length of the surface as measured from the upper edge of the surface and said flow rate is at least about 0.5 cubic feet per minute per linear foot as measured along the upper edge of the surface.

24. The cooling apparatus of claim 21, wherein said cooling duct has a distal end and a proximal end, and wherein said cooling duct has a cross-sectional area that increases from said distal end to said proximal end.

25. The cooling apparatus of claim 20, wherein the surface is a window that includes a radiation incident on the window blocking layer adapted to block at least about 50 percent of total solar radiation from entering the enclosed space.

26. A cooling system for an enclosed compartment that has a hot interior surface which is hotter than air in the enclosed compartment such that heat transfer by conduction from the hot interior surface to air that contacts the hot interior surface forms a hot air boundary layer adjacent the hot interior surface and flows upwardly in a laminar flow path along said hot interior surface, said cooling system comprising:

a duct having an inlet positioned in said laminar flow path adjacent said hot interior surface and an outlet positioned outside said enclosed compartment, wherein said laminar flow path has a width of less than about 0.5 inches and said inlet of said duct has a width that matches within about twenty percent the width of said boundary layer and said interior surface has an upper edge and said inlet is positioned adjacent said upper edge; and

a fan positioned in said duct, said fan being operable in a mode that creates a decreased pressure in said duct relative to air in said laminar flow path to draw air of said laminar flow path into said inlet.

27. The cooling system of claim 26, wherein said interior surface has an upper edge and said inlet is positioned below said upper edge.

28. A method of minimizing green house-type heat gain in a passenger compartment of a vehicle that has a window partially enclosing said passenger compartment which is exposed to solar radiation, said method comprising:

absorbing a portion of incident solar radiation in said window to prevent such portion of said incident solar radiation from being transmitted by the window into passenger compartment;

positioning an inlet of a duct in said passenger compartment adjacent an upper edge of said window and extending the duct to an outlet outside the passenger compartment; and

drawing into said inlet a laminar flow of hot air formed in a boundary layer adjacent the window by conduction of heat energy derived from solar radiation absorbed in the window to air in the passenger compartment that contacts the window; and

conducting the hot air from the inlet through the duct to the outlet and exhausting the hot air outside the passenger compartment.

29. A method for reducing build up of heat within an interior of an enclosed space, the space defined by at least one surface having an elevated temperature relative to the interior of the enclosed space and having a boundary layer of heated gas with a width of less than about 0.5 inches adjacent said surface, said method comprising the steps of:

providing a cooling duct adjacent at least one surface, said cooling duct including at least one gas inlet having a width substantially equal to said width of said boundary layer;

providing at least one fan in fluid communication with said cooling duct;

operating said fan to draw the boundary layer of heated gases into said gas inlet and through said cooling duct, said fan having a volumetric flow rate capacity that is selected to substantially capture the gases only in the boundary layer;

providing at least one gas outlet downstream of said fan; and

discharging the heated air through said gas outlet outside of the enclosed space.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein said flow rate of the gases drawn into said gas inlet is substantially uniform.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein said flow rate of the gases drawn into said gas inlet is determined based on the height of the surface.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein said cooling duct has a distal end and a proximal end and wherein the cross-sectional area of said cooling duct increases from said distal end to said proximal end.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising the step of establishing a uniform flow rate of the gases drawn into said gas inlet by developing a uniform pressure drop in said cooling duct as said gases flow therethrough.

34. The method of claim 29, further comprising the step of positioning an air inlet vent on the enclosed space to enable ambient air exterior to the enclosed space to flow into the enclosed space at an inlet flow rate of about said volumetric flow rate capacity of said fan.