Removing effects of adapters present during vector network analyzer calibration

US 6,188,968 B1
Filed: 05/18/1998
Issued: 02/13/2001
Est. Priority Date: 05/18/1998
Status: Expired due to Fees

First Claim

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1. A method for removing effects of adapters present during calibration of a network analyzer, comprising the following steps:

(a) obtaining scattering parameters for the adapters;

(b) using the scattering parameters for the adapters to pre-load adapter error terms into the network analyzer before the calibration; and

, (c) performing the calibration with the adapter error terms, pre-loaded in step (b), in order to generate systematic error terms which are exclusive of the effects of the adapters.

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Abstract

Effects of adapters present only during calibration of a network analyzer are removed. Scattering parameters are obtained for the adapters. For example, the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters. Systematic error terms for the calibration which remove adapters effects are generated using the scattering parameters for the adapters. In one embodiment, the scattering parameters for the adapters are used to pre-load adapter error terms into the network analyzer before the calibration. The calibration is then performed with the adapter error terms pre-loaded to generate systematic error terms for the calibration. In an alternative embodiment, the calibration is performed (without pre-loading error terms) in order to generate preliminary systematic error terms for the calibration. The preliminary systematic error terms and the scattering parameters for the adapter are used to generate the systematic error terms which do not include effects of the adapters.

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14 Claims

1. A method for removing effects of adapters present during calibration of a network analyzer, comprising the following steps:
- (a) obtaining scattering parameters for the adapters;
  
  (b) using the scattering parameters for the adapters to pre-load adapter error terms into the network analyzer before the calibration; and
  
  , (c) performing the calibration with the adapter error terms, pre-loaded in step (b), in order to generate systematic error terms which are exclusive of the effects of the adapters.
- View Dependent Claims (2, 3)
- - 2. A method as in claim 1 wherein in step (a) the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters to generate the scattering parameters.
  - 3. A method as in claim 1 wherein in step (b) the scattering parameters (a₁₁, a₁₂, a₂₁, a₂₂, b₁₁, b₁₂, b₂₁and b₂₂) are pre-loaded as the adapter error terms (e₀₀, e₁₀e₀₁, e₁₁, e₂₂, e₁₀e₃₂, e₃₃, e₂₃e₃₂, e′
    - ₁₁, e′
      
      ₂₂, e₂₃e₀₁) as set out below;

4. A method for removing effects of adapters present during calibration of a network analyzer, comprising the following steps:
- (a) obtaining scattering parameters for the adapters;
  
  (b) performing the calibration in order to generate preliminary systematic error terms for the calibration; and
  
  , (c) using the preliminary systematic error terms generated in step (b) and the scattering parameters for the adapter obtained in step (a) in order to generate corrected systematic error terms which do not include effects of the adapters.
- View Dependent Claims (5, 6)
- - 5. A method as in claim 4 wherein in step (a) the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters to generate the scattering parameters.
  - 6. A method as in claim 4 wherein in step (c) the corrected systematic error terms (e₀₀, e₁₀e₀₁, e₁₁, e₂₂, e₁₀e₃₂, e₃₃, e₂₃e₃₂, e′
    - ₁₁, e′
      
      ₂₂, e₂₃e₀₁) are generated using the scattering parameters (a₁₁, a₁₂, a₂₁, a₂₂, b₁₁, b₁₂, b₂₁and b₂₂) and the preliminary systematic error terms (f₀₀, f₁₀e₀₁, f₁₁, f₂₂, f₁₀f₃₂, f₃₃, f₂₃f₃₂, f₁₁, f₂₂, f₂₃f₀₁) as set out below;
      
      $\begin{matrix} forward directivity; \\ e_{00} = f_{00} + \frac{a_{11} f_{10} f_{01}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}}; \\ forward reflection tracking; \\ e_{10} e_{01} = \frac{a_{21} a_{12} f_{10} f_{01}}{{(a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11})}^{2}}; \\ forward source match; \\ e_{11} = \frac{a_{22} - f_{11}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}}; \\ \begin{matrix} forward load match; \\ e_{22} = \frac{b_{22} - f_{22}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}}; \\ forward transmission tracking; \\ e_{10} e_{32} = \frac{a_{12} b_{21} f_{10} f_{32}}{(a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}) (b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22})}; \\ reverse directivity; \\ e_{33} = f_{33} + \frac{b_{11} f_{32} f_{23}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - b_{11} f_{22}}; \\ \begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} reverse reflection tracking; \\ e_{23} e_{32} = \frac{b_{12} b_{21} f_{23} f_{32}}{{(b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22})}^{2}}; \end{matrix} \\ reverse load match; \\ e_{11}^{'} = \frac{a_{22} - f_{11}^{'}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}^{'}}; \\ reverse source match; \\ e_{22}^{'} = \frac{b_{22} - f_{22}^{'}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}^{'}}; and, \end{matrix} \\ reverse transmission tracking; \\ e_{23} e_{01} = \frac{a_{21} b_{12} f_{01} f_{23}}{(b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}) (a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11})} . \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$

7. A method for removing effects of adapters present during calibration of a network analyzer, comprising the following steps:
- (a) obtaining scattering parameters for the adapters; and
  
  , (b) using the scattering parameters for the adapters to generate systematic error terms for the calibration which do not take into account effects of the adapters.
- View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
- - 8. A method as in claim 7 wherein step (b) comprises the following substeps:
9. A method as in claim 8 wherein in step (a) the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters to generate the scattering parameters.
10. A method as in claim 8 wherein in substep (b.1) the scattering parameters (a₁₁, a₁₂, a₂₁, a₂₂, b₁₁, b₁₂, b₂₁and b₂₂) are pre-loaded as the adapter error terms (e₀₀, e₁₀e₀₁, e₁₁, e₂₂, e₁₀e₃₂, e₃₃, e₂₃e₃₂, e′
- ₁₁, e′
  
  ₂₂, e₂₃e₀₁) as set out below;
11. A method as in claim 7 wherein step (b) comprises the following substeps:
- (b.1) performing the calibration in order to generate preliminary systematic error terms for the calibration; and
  
  , (b.2) using the preliminary systematic error terms generated in step (b.1) and the scattering parameters for the adapter obtained in step (a) in order to generate the systematic error terms which do not include effects of the adapters.
12. A method as in claim 11 wherein in step (a) the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters to generate the scattering parameters.
13. A method as in claim 11 wherein in substep (b.2) the systematic error terms (e₀₀, e₁₀e₀₁, e₁₁, e₂₂, e₁₀e₃₂, e₃₃, e₂₃e₃₂, e′
- ₁₁, e′
  
  ₂₂, e₂₃e₀₁) are generated using the scattering parameters (a₁₁, a₁₂, a₂₁, a₂₂, b₁₁, b₁₂, b₂₁and b₂₂) and the preliminary systematic error terms (f₀₀, f₁₀e₀₁, f₁₁, f₂₂, f₁₀f₃₂, f₃₃, f₂₃f₃₂, f₁₁, f₂₂, f₂₃f₀₁) as set out below;
  
  $\begin{matrix} forward directivity; \\ e_{00} = f_{00} + \frac{a_{11} f_{10} f_{01}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}}; \\ forward reflection tracking; \\ e_{10} e_{01} = \frac{a_{21} a_{12} f_{10} f_{01}}{{(a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11})}^{2}}; \\ forward source match; \\ e_{11} = \frac{a_{22} - f_{11}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}}; \\ \begin{matrix} forward load match; \\ e_{22} = \frac{b_{22} - f_{22}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}}; \\ forward transmission tracking; \\ e_{10} e_{32} = \frac{a_{12} b_{21} f_{10} f_{32}}{(a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}) (b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22})}; \\ reverse directivity; \\ e_{33} = f_{33} + \frac{b_{11} f_{32} f_{23}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - b_{11} f_{22}}; \\ \begin{matrix} \begin{matrix} reverse reflection tracking; \\ e_{23} e_{32} = \frac{b_{12} b_{21} f_{23} f_{32}}{{(b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22})}^{2}}; \end{matrix} \\ reverse load match; \\ e_{11}^{'} = \frac{a_{22} - f_{11}^{'}}{a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11}^{'}}; \\ reverse source match; \\ e_{22}^{'} = \frac{b_{22} - f_{22}^{'}}{b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}^{'}}; and, \end{matrix} \\ reverse transmission tracking; \\ e_{23} e_{01} = \frac{a_{21} b_{12} f_{01} f_{23}}{(b_{11} b_{22} - b_{12} b_{21} - a_{22} f_{22}) (a_{11} a_{22} - a_{12} a_{21} - a_{11} f_{11})} . \end{matrix} \end{matrix}$
14. A method as in claim 7 wherein in step (a) the scattering parameters for the adapters are obtained by characterizing the adapters to generate the scattering parameters.

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Current Assignee
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Original Assignee
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
Inventors
Blackham, David VerNon
Primary Examiner(s)
ASSOUAD, PATRICK J

Application Number

US09/080,535
Time in Patent Office

1,002 Days
Field of Search

324/601, 324/638, 324/637, 702/85, 702/90, 702/91, 702/107
US Class Current

702/85
CPC Class Codes

G01R 27/28 Measuring attenuation, gain...

G01R 35/00 Testing or calibrating of a...

Removing effects of adapters present during vector network analyzer calibration

First Claim

3 Assignments

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Abstract

50 Citations

14 Claims

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Removing effects of adapters present during vector network analyzer calibration

First Claim

3 Assignments

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0 Petitions

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Accused Products

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Abstract

50 Citations

14 Claims

Specification

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Solutions

Use Cases

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