Radio frequency steam flood and gas drive for enhanced subterranean recovery

• US 6,189,611 B1
• Filed: 03/24/1999
• Issued: 02/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/24/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: KAI Technologies, Inc.
• Original Assignee: KAI Technologies, Inc.
• Inventors: Kasevich, Raymond S.
• Primary Examiner(s): NEUDER, WILLIAM P
• Application Number:
  US09/275,612
• Time in Patent Office: 699 Days
• Field of Search: 166/272.1, 166/272.3, 166/302, 166/248, 166/65.1
• US Class Current: 166/248
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 36/04 using electrical heaters
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 43/2401 by means of electricity

Abstract

A method and system is provided for autogenic generation of a subterranean fluid flow, such as may be applied, for example, to enhance oil recovery or pollution abatement. In general, the method and system includes placing an electromagnetic apparatus down the borehole of an applicator well, and radiating energy into a permeable formation to achieve displacement flooding effects.

Claims

1. A method for providing a subterranean fluid flow through a permeable formation, comprising:

drilling an applicator well into a permeable formation containing a material;

placing an electromagnetic device in the applicator well;

autogenically operating the electromagnetic device to radiate energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the material; and

sustaining autogenic operation of the electromagnetic device to propagate a material displacement bank including hydrocarbon material away from the applicator well.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a production well having a position in the path of the fluid flow from the applicator well to pump fluids from an enhanced pool formed by the fluid flow.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising modulating the energy radiated from the electromagnetic device to maintain an applicator well temperature between 100°

C. and 200°

C.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising modulating the energy to station an outer boundary of the material displacement bank at a controllable distance from the applicator well.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing the borehole of the applicator well with a sealed casing formed of a radiation transparent material to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising placing a parasitic reflector in a path of the radiated energy to direct a portion of the radiated energy in a reflected direction.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the radiated energy is in a frequency range between 300 KHz and 300 GHz.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the frequency range is between 10 MHz and 100 MHz and the radiated energy has a power level between 8 and 12 KW.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the applicator well is substantially vertical.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the permeable formation contains water and oil and the method further comprises sustaining the level of energy to vaporize the water to provide a steam flood for driving an oil flow away from the applicator well.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein a resulting reservoir temperature increase propagates an evaporated hydrocarbon gas displacement bank.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising using a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of a fluid reservoir within the permeable formation at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic device is an antenna array for radiating energy at a frequency in a range between 1 MHz and 100 MHz and a power level in a range between 8 and 12 KW.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising using a pattern of multiple applicator wells, each having an antenna which in operation radiates electromagnetic energy in the reservoir to form the enhanced pool.

15. A method for providing enhanced recovery subterranean material, comprising:

placing an antenna down a borehole of an applicator well;

operating the antenna autogenically to radiate a level of energy into a permeable formation containing water and the subterranean material;

sustaining the level of energy autogenically to vaporize the water and provide a steam flood for driving a flow of the subterranean material away from the applicator well; and

using a production well in the path of the abatement material flow to recover the subterranean material from an enhanced subterranean material pool.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising using a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of a fluid reservoir within the permeable formation at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising modulating the energy radiated from the antenna to maintain an applicator well temperature between 100°

C. and 200°

C.

18. The method of claim 15, further comprising modulating the energy to station an outer boundary of a resulting displacement bank at a controllable distance from the applicator well.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising providing the borehole of the applicator well with a sealed casing formed of a radiation transparent material to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the applicator well is substantially vertical.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising placing a parasitic reflector in a path of the radiated energy to direct a portion of the radiated energy in a reflected direction.

22. The method of claim 15, further comprising using a pattern of multiple applicator wells, each having an antenna which in operation radiates electromagnetic energy in a material zone to form the enhanced subterranean material pool.

23. A method of stationing an enhanced pool of subterranean fluid about the site of a production well, comprising:

using an energy injection well to radiate energy into a subterranean fluid reservoir;

radiating a level of energy into the reservoir to propagate a displacement bank; and

modulating the level of energy to station an outer boundary of the displacement bank at a controllable distance from the energy injection well.

24. A method for providing a steerable subterranean fluid flow, comprising:

using an electromagnetic device in a borehole of an applicator well to radiate energy into a fluid reservoir in a permeable formation to vaporize a material within the reservoir to propagate a material displacement bank; and

using a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of the reservoir at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

25. A system for generating a subterranean fluid flow through a permeable formation containing a material, comprising:

a sealed casing sized and configured to be positioned within an applicator well and to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well, the sealed casing formed of a material that is transmissive to electromagnetic energy;

an antenna sized and configured to be positioned within the sealed casing and to radiate the electromagnetic energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the materials and

a directing element configured to direct a portion of the electromagnetic energy radiated by the antenna in a desired direction.

26. The system of claim 25, further comprising a production well having a position in the path of the fluid flow from the applicator well to pump fluids from an enhanced pool formed by the fluid flow.

27. The system of claim 25, wherein the antenna is configured to modulate the energy radiated from the antenna to maintain an applicator well temperature between 100°

C. and 200°

C.

28. The system of claim 25, further comprising a parasitic reflector disposed in a path of the radiated electromagnetic energy to direct a portion of the radiated energy in a reflected direction.

29. The system of claim 25, wherein the antenna is configured to radiate the electromagnetic energy in a frequency range between 10 MHz and 100 MHz and at a power level between 8 KW and 12 KW.

30. The system of claim 25, further comprising:

a plurality of sealed casings, each casing sized and configured to be positioned within an applicator well and to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well, each sealed casing formed of a material that is transmissive to electromagnetic energy;

a corresponding plurality of antennas, each antenna sized and configured to be positioned within the sealed casing and to radiate the electromagnetic energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the material;

each of said casings and corresponding antennas positioned to radiate electromagnetic energy in a direction to form an enhanced pool.

31. A system for generating a subterranean fluid flow through a permeable formation containing a material, the system comprising:

a sealed casing sized and configured to be positioned within an applicator well and to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well, the sealed casing formed of a material that is transmissive to electromagnetic energy;

an antenna sized and configured to be positioned within the sealed casing and to radiate the electromagnetic energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the material; and

a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of a fluid reservoir within the permeable formation at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

32. A method for providing a subterranean fluid flow through a permeable formation, comprising:

drilling an applicator well into a permeable formation containing a material;

placing an electromagnetic device in the applicator well;

operating the electromagnetic device to radiate energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the material;

sustaining operation of the electromagnetic device to propagate a material displacement bank away from the applicator well; and

positioning a directing element in a path of the radiated energy to direct a portion of the radiated energy in a desired direction.

33. The method of claim 32, further comprising using a production well having a position in the path of the fluid flow from the applicator well to pump fluids from an enhanced pool formed by the fluid flow.

34. The method of claim 32 further comprising modulating the energy radiated from the electromagnetic device to maintain an applicator well temperature between 100 EC and 200 EC.

35. The method of claim 32 further comprising modulating the energy to station an outer boundary of the material displacement bank at a controllable distance from the applicator well.

36. The method of claim 32 further comprising providing the borehole of the applicator well with a sealed casing formed of a radiation transparent material to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well.

37. The method of claim 32 wherein the radiated energy is in a frequency range between 300 KHz and 300 GHz.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the frequency range is between 10 MHz and 100 MHz and the radiated energy has a power level between 8 and 12 KW.

39. The method of claim 32 wherein the permeable formation contains water and oil and the method further comprises sustaining the level of energy to vaporize the water to provide a steam flood for driving an oil flow away from the applicator well.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein a resulting reservoir temperature increase propagates an evaporated hydrocarbon gas displacement bank.

41. The method of claim 40 further comprising using a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of a fluid reservoir within the permeable formation at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

42. A method for providing a subterranean fluid flow through a permeable formation, comprising:

drilling an applicator well into a permeable formation containing a material;

placing an electromagnetic device in the applicator well;

operating the electromagnetic device to radiate energy into the permeable formation to vaporize a portion of the material;

sustaining operation of the electromagnetic device to propagate a material displacement bank away from the applicator well; and

using a reservoir pressure relief station to reduce a pressure of a fluid reservoir within the permeable formation at a selected location to cause an enhanced directional propagation of the material displacement bank.

43. The method of claim 42, further comprising using a production well having a position in the path of the fluid flow from the applicator well to pump fluids from an enhanced pool formed by the fluid flow.

44. The method of claim 42 further comprising modulating the energy radiated from the electromagnetic device to maintain an applicator well temperature between 100 EC and 200 EC.

45. The method of claim 42 further comprising modulating the energy to station an outer boundary of the material displacement bank at a controllable distance from the applicator well.

46. The method of claim 42 further comprising providing the borehole of the applicator well with a sealed casing formed of a radiation transparent material to prevent fluid seepage into the applicator well.

47. The method of claim 42 wherein the radiated energy is in a frequency range between 300 KHz and 300 GHz.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the frequency range is between 10 MHz and 100 MHz and the radiated energy has a power level between 8 and 12 KW.

49. The method of claim 42 wherein the permeable formation contains water and oil and the method further comprises sustaining the level of energy to vaporize the water to provide a steam flood for driving an oil flow away from the applicator well.

50. The method of claim 49 wherein a resulting reservoir temperature increase propagates an evaporated hydrocarbon gas displacement bank.