Enhanced paint for microwave/millimeter wave radiometric detection applications and method of road marker detection

• US 6,194,486 B1
• Filed: 05/28/1997
• Issued: 02/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/28/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: TRW Inc. (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Quon, Bill H., Eninger, James E., Hauss, Bruce I., Yujiri, M. Larry
• Primary Examiner(s): Michl, Paul R.
• Application Number:
  US08/864,249
• Time in Patent Office: 1,371 Days
• Field of Search: 523/172
• US Class Current: 523/172
• CPC Class Codes: E01F 9/30 Arrangements interacting with transmitters or receivers otherwise than by visible means, e.g. using radar reflectors or radio transmitters E01F11/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/08 formed of solid dielectric material
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/062 for focusing
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/007 using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device for operation on different wavebands H01Q5/22

Abstract

Adding a quantity of metallic shot or particles of other materials having a high dielectric constant to the thermoplastic paint in the mixing pot of ordinary roadway marker fixation equipment, which extrudes the paint and applies same to the roadway surface, enhances the MMW radiometric visibility of the marker without adverse effect to the affixation equipment. Vehicles containing MMW radiometers directed down toward the roadway surface moves along the roadway surface is able to automatically sense microwave/millimeter wave energy from a marker in the vehicles path. In one system, the sensed energy is used in conjunction with other apparatus to assist to guide the vehicle within a traffic lane. In another system, the sensed energy is decoded and displayed as pertinent information for the vehicle'"'"'s driver.

Claims

1. A roadway marker system including a roadway marker on a roadway surface, a vehicle for travel upon and along said roadway surface, comprising in combination:

a MMW radiometric detector carried by said vehicle for detecting MMW radiometric temperature from a small area of roadway surface proximate said vehicle, said roadway surface having a first MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic said roadway marker comprising;

a roadway marking paint, said roadway marking paint including;

a mixture of thermoplastic material and a solid particulate material, said solid particulate material further comprising particles, said particles being homogeneously distributed within said thermoplastic material, said thermoplastic material having a second MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic and said solid particulate material having a third MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic, said third MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic being greater than either of said first or second MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic and wherein said third MMW radiometric temperature reflecting characteristic predominates over said second MMW temperature reflecting characteristic of said thermoplastic material;

said homogeneously distributed particles being of a shape and size sufficient to render said roadway marking paint highly reflective to MMW energy, wherein said roadway marking paint contrasts significantly in MMW radiometric temperature reflectivity with said roadway surface enabling said MMW radiometric detector to distinguish the presence of said roadway marker paint from the presence solely of said roadway surface.

2. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein said particles comprise spheroids in geometry.

3. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein said particles comprise iron shot, and said iron shot further comprises a spheroid.

4. The invention as set forth in claim 1, wherein said particles comprise a material having a high dielectric constant distinct from the dielectric constant of said thermoplastic material, said high dielectric constant being no less than ten.

5. The invention as defined in claim 4, wherein said particles comprise Titanium Oxide.

6. The invention as set forth in claim 2, wherein said particles comprise in volume no less than ten per cent of the volume occupied by said thermoplastic material.

7. The invention as defined in claim 3 wherein said paint further comprises glass beads;

and wherein said glass beads comprise 30% of the composition by volume, said iron shot comprises 30% of the composition by volume, and the remaining ingredients of said paint comprise 40% by volume.