Heightened realism for computer-controlled units in real-time simulation

• US 6,195,626 B1
• Filed: 06/19/1998
• Issued: 02/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Stone, Jeremy D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Teska, Kevin J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sergent, Douglas W.
• Application Number:
  US09/099,923
• Time in Patent Office: 984 Days
• Field of Search: 395/500.29, 395/500.27, 395/500.28, 395/500.43, 434/14, 434/30, 434/35, 434/37, 434/42, 706/905, 709/104, 709/105, 709/107, 709/205, 703/6, 703/7, 703/8, 703/2, 463/50, 463/52, 463/53, 463/54
• US Class Current: 703/8
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/56 Computing the motion of game characters with respect to other game characters, game objects or elements of the game scene, e.g. for simulating the behaviour of a group of virtual soldiers or for path finding
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/67 adaptively or by learning from player actions, e.g. skill level adjustment or by storing successful combat sequences for re-use
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/803 Driving vehicles or craft, e.g. cars, airplanes, ships, robots or tanks
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/6027 using adaptive systems learning from user actions, e.g. for skill level adjustment
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/64 for computing dynamical parameters of game objects, e.g. motion determination or computation of frictional forces for a virtual car
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/8017 Driving on land or water; Flying
• CPC Class Codes: G09B 9/085 Special purpose teaching, e.g. alighting on water, aerial photography

Abstract

Enhanced realism of a real-time simulator having multiple computer-controlled units results from making the units capable of reacting to only those other units that each of them can be aware of because of their spatial relationships to the unit. Awareness is based upon probabilities; it can persist after a relationship changes; and it can be influenced by a units designation of a target. Each unit selects a target based upon a score incorporating multiple aspects of its tactical situation, and can change targets when the situation changes. A unit selects a strategy in response to which of a set of tactical configurations exist between the unit and its target; the strategy can change short of completion when the configuration changes. A plan produces guidance commands from the high-level strategy. The guidance commands are converted into control settings for guiding the subject unit using a physics engine for simulating the physical dynamics of the unit. The control settings can interact with each other under certain conditions. The time rate at which each computer-controlled unit performs the above operations varies with the tactical situation, and can be different for different units. The operator for each unit precomputes some data required for multiple calculations in performing the operations.

Claims

1. A method for simulating a subject computer-controlled unit in a situation having multiple other units within a simulated region, the method comprising:

during a first of a plurality of intervals,

evaluating separate tactical scores for a number of the other units based upon a relationship between the subject unit and each of the multiple other units during the first time interval;

determining that a first of the other units has a best tactical score;

designating the first unit as an object of attention for the subject unit;

selecting a first strategy for the subject unit with respect to the first unit;

controlling the subject unit to fulfill the first strategy with respect to the first unit;

during a further, subsequent interval while the subject unit is being controlled with respect to the designated first unit, but before the strategy has been fulfilled;

evaluating further separate tactical scores for at least some of the other units based upon the relationship between the subject unit and each of the multiple other units during the further interval;

determining that a further of the other units has a better score than the first unit designated during the first interval;

designating the further unit instead of the one unit as the object of attention;

selecting a further strategy for the subject unit with respect to the further unit, independently of the first strategy;

thereafter, abandoning the first strategy regardless of its state of fulfillment, and controlling the subject unit to fulfill the further strategy with respect to the further unit.

2. A computer-usable medium carrying instructions and data for causing a programmable digital computer to execute the method of claim 1.

3. The method of claim 1, where the relationship is a spatial relationship between the subject unit and one of the other units.

4. The method of claim 3 where the relationship includes distance and bearing between the subject unit and the one other unit.

5. The method of claim 3 where the relationship includes relative orientation between the subject unit and the one other unit.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising inhibiting the first designating operation when the best tactical score does not exceed a predetermined threshold.

7. The method of claim 1 further including inhibiting the second designating operation when the better score does not exceed the score of the first unit during the second interval by a predetermined threshold.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising varying the time duration of the second interval relative to that of the first interval when the further strategy differs from the first strategy.

9. A method for simulating a subject computer-controlled unit in a situation having multiple other units within a simulated region, the method comprising, during each of a plurality of intervals:

for each of the other units,

transferring an entry from a global sight list of all the other units to a unit sight list only if the each other unit bears a first predetermined relationship to the subject unit during one of the intervals;

evaluating separate tactical scores for only those of the other units having entries in the unit sight list, the tactical scores being based upon a second relationship between the subject unit and each of the multiple other units during the each interval;

comparing the tactical scores for the multiple other units to determine a best score for the each interval;

designating one of the other units as an object of attention in response to the best score;

thereafter controlling the subject unit with respect to the designated other unit.

10. A computer-usable medium carrying instructions and data for causing a programmable digital computer to execute the method of claim 9.

11. The method of claim 9 where both the first and second relationships include spatial factors.

12. The method of claim 11 where the first and second relationships differ from each other.

13. The method of claim 9 further comprising abandoning a previous designation of a further of the other units when the best score is better than the score of the further unit during the each interval.

14. The method of claim 13 where the previous designation is abandoned only if the best score exceeds the score of the further unit by a threshold amount.

15. The method of claim 9 further comprising varying the duration of the intervals in response to a third relationship between the subject unit and the one other unit.

16. The method of claim 9 where the tactical scores depend upon whether the other units have designated the subject unit as an object of attention.

19. The method of claim 17 comprising repeating the operations of claim 15 for each of a plurality of the other units as subject units, where the interval duration of each unit is independent of the interval duration for others of the units.

17. A method for simulating a subject computer-controlled unit in a situation having multiple other units within a simulated region, the method comprising, during each of a plurality of time intervals:

evaluating separate tactical scores for a number of the other units based upon a first relationship between the subject unit and each of the multiple other units;

comparing the tactical score for each of the multiple other units to determine a best score for the each interval;

designating one of the other units as an object of attention in response to the best score;

determining that a second relationship exists between the subject unit and the designated other unit;

modifying the duration of intervals subsequent to the current interval;

thereafter controlling the subject unit with respect to the designated other unit.

18. A computer-usable medium carrying instructions and data for causing a programmable digital computer to execute the method of claim 17.

20. The method of claim 17 further comprising abandoning a previous designation of a further of the other units when the best score is better than the score of the further unit during the each interval.

21. A programmed digital computer, comprising:

an input for accepting a sequence of commands from a player for directing a simulated player unit;

a plurality of controllers each controlling a different one of a plurality of subject computer-controlled units, each controller including

a target selector for evaluating separate target scores for the other units, including both the player unit and the computer-controlled units, during each of a sequence of time intervals, and, in response thereto, selecting during each of the intervals among

designating one of the other units as an object of attention,

abandoning a designation of one of the other units made during a previous one of the intervals,

modifying a designation from one of the other units to a different one of the other units,

a strategy selector for producing a strategy for dealing with the designated object of attention independently of any other strategy for a previously designated object of attention,

a guidance system for producing a set of guidance commands for directing the one subject unit with respect to the designated unit so as to fulfill the strategy;

a simulator responsive to the guidance commands for simulating both the player unit and the computer-controlled units.

22. The computer of claim 21 where each of the controllers includes a separate rate generator for producing intervals having a duration independent of the duration for others of the controllers.

23. The computer of claim 22 where the interval duration for each controller is responsive to the strategy selector for the same controller.

24. The computer of claim 21 where the strategy selector produces the strategy during each of the time intervals, independently of any strategy produced during a previous one of the intervals.

25. The computer of claim 21 where each of the controllers further includes an awareness filter for generating, during a plurality of the time intervals, a unit sight list for its respective one of the subject units, the sight list having a entry for each of the other units, including the player unit, that currently bears a predetermined relationship to the one subject unit.

26. The computer of claim 25 where the relationship is a spatial relationship.

27. The computer of claim 25 further comprising:

a global sight list common to all of the controllers and having entries containing spatial information for all of the units, both player and computer-controlled, for all of the units being simulated during a current one of a plurality of time intervals;

separate awareness filters for each of the plurality of controllers for constructing a separate unit sight list for each of the subject units.

28. The computer of claim 27 where the awareness filter is responsive to the global sight list for adding to the unit sight list those of its entries whose spatial information satisfies the predetermined relationship to the respective one subject unit.

29. The computer of claim 21 where the input device comprises a set of controls by which the player issues the commands.

30. The computer of claim 21 further comprising a rendering module responsive to the simulator for producing representations of all of the units within a predetermined region.

31. The computer of claim 30 further comprising an output device for displaying the representations to the user.

32. The computer of claim 21 further comprising data storage for holding model information concerning each of the units, including both the player unit and the computer-controlled units, for the simulator.