Transitioning between redundant computer systems on a network

• US 6,202,169 B1
• Filed: 12/31/1997
• Issued: 03/13/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avaya Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Corporation
• Inventors: Landaveri, Denny D., Razzaghe-Ashrafi, Siamak
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Thomas C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Patel, Nitin
• Application Number:
  US09/001,544
• Time in Patent Office: 1,168 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709/221, 709/220, 709/245, 709/300, 709/304, 709/223, 709/228, 709/243, 714/4, 714/10, 714/11, 714/6
• US Class Current: 714/6.31
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/20 using active fault-masking, e.g. by switching out faulty elements or by switching in spare elements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/103 across network layers, e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/40 for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection management of faults, events, alarms or notifications in data switching networks H04L41/06

Abstract

A method is provided for transitioning between redundant computer systems on a network. According to one aspect of the present invention, fault tolerance may be achieved in a network which includes one or more redundant computer systems by monitoring the status of a primary system and having a redundant system take over for the primary system upon determining the primary system has entered a predetermined state (e.g., lost power, CPU has gone down, etc.). Each host machine on the network includes an address translation table (e.g., an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache) for purposes of dynamically mapping a logical address (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address) to a physical address (e.g., a MAC address). Therefore, transitioning from the primary system to a redundant system that shares the same logical address may be accomplished by simply transmitting an ARP reply containing therein the shared logical address and the physical address of the redundant system or an ARP proxy server with which the redundant system is registered. In this manner, the host machines will update their address translation tables such that the shared logical address will be associated with the physical address provided in the ARP reply and further transmissions addressed to the shared logical address will in effect be redirected to the redundant system either directly or indirectly through the ARP proxy server.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

a redundant computer system receiving an indication of a change in status of a primary computer system, the redundant computer system coupled to the network through a first intermediate computer system which acts as an ARP proxy server for the redundant computer system; and

responsive to the change in status, the redundant computer system updating an entry in an address translation table on a third computer system by causing the first intermediate computer system to transmit an unsolicited ARP reply to the third computer, wherein prior to being updated the entry mapping a first logical address associated with the primary computer system to a first physical address, after being updated the entry mapping the first logical address to a second physical address.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary computer system is coupled to the network through a second intermediate computer system which acts as an ARP proxy server for the primary computer system, and wherein the first physical address is associated with the second intermediate computer system and the second physical address is associated with the first intermediate computer system.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second physical addresses comprise Ethernet addresses.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the unsolicited ARP reply indicates the first logical address maps to the second physical address.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second logical addresses comprise the same IP addresses.

6. A method comprising:

providing a first and a second proxy client having a shared Internet Protocol (IP) address;

providing a first proxy server corresponding to the first proxy client, the first proxy server having a first physical address associated therewith;

providing a second proxy server corresponding to the second proxy client, the second proxy server having a second physical address associated therewith;

the first proxy client registering as a client of the first proxy server;

the first proxy server broadcasting onto the network an unsolicited Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) reply, in response to said registering, containing the shared IP address and the first physical address;

the second proxy client monitoring a status associated with the first proxy client; and

if the first proxy client enters a predetermined state, then the second proxy client taking over for the first proxy client by registering as a client of the second proxy server, and causing the second proxy server to broadcast onto the network an unsolicited ARP reply containing the shared IP address and the second physical address.

7. A machine-readable medium having stored thereon data representing sequences of instructions, said sequences of instructions which, when executed by a processor of a secondary computer system on a network, cause said processor to:

detect a change in status of a primary computer system on the network; and

update an entry in an address translation table on a third computer system on the network by causing a first intermediate computer system that couples the secondary computer system to the network to transmit an unsolicited ARP reply to the third computer.

8. The machine-readable medium of claim 7, wherein prior to being updated the entry mapping a first logical address associated with the primary computer system to a first physical address, after being updated the entry mapping the first logical address to a second physical address.

9. The machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the primary computer system is coupled to the network through a second intermediate computer system which acts as an ARP proxy server for the primary computer system, and wherein the first physical address is associated with the second intermediate computer system and the second physical address is associated with the first intermediate computer system.

10. The machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the first and second physical addresses comprise Ethernet addresses.

11. The machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the unsolicited ARP reply indicates the first logical address maps to the second physical address.

12. The machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the first and second logical addresses comprise the same IP addresses.

13. A redundant computer system comprising:

a processor;

a storage device coupled to the processor, the storage device having stored thereon data representing sequences of instructions, the sequences of instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause said processor to;

receive an indication of a change in status of a primary computer system; and

update an entry in an address translation table on a third computer system on the network by causing a first intermediate computer system to transmit an unsolicited ARP reply to the third computer, wherein prior to being updated the entry mapping a first logical address associated with the primary computer system to a first physical address, after being updated the entry mapping the first logical address to a second physical address.

14. The redundant computer system of claim 13, wherein the primary computer system is coupled to the network through a second intermediate computer system which acts as an ARP proxy server for the primary computer system, and wherein the first physical address is associated with the second intermediate computer system and the second physical address is associated with the first intermediate computer system.

15. The redundant computer system of claim 14, wherein the first and second physical addresses comprise Ethernet addresses.

16. The redundant computer system of claim 13, wherein the unsolicited ARP reply indicates the first logical address maps to the second physical address.

17. The redundant computer system of claim 16, wherein the first and second logical addresses comprise the same IP addresses.