Predicting logarithmic reduction values

• US 6,202,475 B1
• Filed: 08/31/1999
• Issued: 03/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/30/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Evoqua Water Technologies LLC
• Original Assignee: USF Filtration and Separations Group, Inc. (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Johnson, Warren T., Drummond, Humphrey J. J., Selbie, Michael R. L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Hezron
• Assistant Examiner(s): WIGGINS, JOHN DAVID
• Application Number:
  US09/386,899
• Time in Patent Office: 567 Days
• Field of Search: 73/38, 73/617.3, 73/644.7, 731/96, 738/610.4, 738/632.3, 210/650, 210/321.84
• US Class Current: 73/38
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2273/10 Allowing a continuous bypass of at least part of the flow, e.g. of secondary air, vents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2273/18 Testing of filters, filter elements, sealings
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2321/185 Aeration
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 46/543 using membranes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 65/02 Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 65/102 Detection of leaks in membranes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/082 Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 15/0826 and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2015/086 of films, membranes or pellicules

Abstract

A method of predicting logarithmic reduction values for a membrane filtration system having a filtrate flow portion and a bypass flow portion relative to a filtrate permeable membrane with stable input gas flow comprising: determining the filtrate flow rate through the membrane under the action of an applied test pressure, determining the membrane bypass flow rate using integrity test measurements and estimating the logarithmic reduction value using the ratio of determined filtrate flow rate and determined bypass flow rate. Methods of testing the integrity of a porous membrane are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of predicting a logarithmic reduction value for a membrane filtration system, the membrane filtration system having a membrane, the membrane having a bubble point, a first side, and a second side, and the logarithmic reduction value being defined by the formula:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{LRV}={\log }_{10}<br><br>\left(\frac{C_{\inf }}{C_{\mathrm{eff}}}\right)& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

wherein LRV is the logarithmic reduction value, C_inf is a concentration of particle in an influent, and C_eff is a concentration of particle in an effluent, the method comprising the following steps;

(i) measuring a flow rate of liquid filtrate through the membrane;

(ii) measuring a membrane bypass flow rate using an integrity test measurement, wherein the membrane bypass flow rate is the flow rate through leaks and defects in the membrane; and

(iii) estimating the logarithmic reduction value using a ratio of the filtrate flow rate and the membrane bypass flow rate as follows;

${\mathrm{LRV}}_{\mathrm{est}}={\log }_{10}<br><br>\left(\frac{Q_{\mathrm{filt}}}{Q_{\mathrm{bypass}}}\right),$

wherein LRV_est is an estimate of the logarithmic reduction value, Q_filt is the filtrate flow rate, and Q_bypass is the membrane bypass flow rate.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said integrity test method comprises the steps of:

(i) wetting the membrane;

(ii) applying a gas pressure to the first side of the membrane below the bubble point of the membrane;

(iii) measuring a gas flow across the membrane, said gas flow including a diffusive flow through the membrane and a flow through leaks and defects in the membrane; and

(iv) determining the flow through leaks and defects in the membrane by subtracting the diffusive flow through the membrane, said diffusive flow being determined by a calculation or a measurement of a fully integral membrane, said gas flow through leaks and defects in the membrane being indicative of the membrane bypass flow rate.

3. The method according to claim 2 wherein the gas flow is measured by monitoring a temporal decay of the gas pressure applied to the first side of the membrane.

4. The method according to claim 2 wherein the gas flow is measured by surrounding the second side of said membrane with a volume of a fluid and measuring a displacement of said fluid resulting from said gas flow.