Object tracking system with non-contact object detection and identification

• US 6,204,764 B1
• Filed: 09/09/1999
• Issued: 03/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/11/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Key Control Holding Incorporated (Reynolds & Reynolds Company)
• Original Assignee: Keytrak, Inc. (Reynolds & Reynolds Company)
• Inventors: Maloney, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): TRIEU, VAN THANH
• Application Number:
  US09/393,223
• Time in Patent Office: 558 Days
• Field of Search: 340/539, 340/568.1, 340/571, 340/572.1, 340/572.2, 340/572.4, 340/572.7, 340/572.9, 340/825.34, 340/825.49, 340/825.54, 235/375, 235/383, 235/385, 705/28, 705/32
• US Class Current: 340/568.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 17/00 Methods or arrangements for effecting co-operative working between equipments covered by two or more of main groups G06K1/00 - G06K15/00, e.g. automatic card files incorporating conveying and reading operations
• CPC Class Codes: G07B 15/04 comprising devices to free a barrier, turnstile, or the like turnstiles with registering means G07C9/10; coin-freed aspects G07F17/00
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 11/00 Arrangements, systems or apparatus for checking, e.g. the occurrence of a condition, not provided for elsewhere
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 2009/00936 for key cabinets
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00896 specially adapted for particular uses
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1427 with transmitter-receiver for distance detection
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1454 Circuit arrangements thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1463 Physical arrangements, e.g. housings devices to prevent theft or loss of purses, luggage or hand carried bags A45C13/18
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2417 having a radio frequency identification chip
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2431 Tag circuit details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2434 Tag housing and attachment details
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2448 Tag with at least dual detection means, e.g. combined inductive and ferromagnetic tags, dual frequencies within a single technology, tampering detection or signalling means on the tag
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2462 Asset location systems combined with EAS inventory, tracking, logistic G06Q10/00; entrance control systems G07C9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2471 Antenna signal processing by receiver or emitter
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2474 Antenna or antenna activator geometry, arrangement or layout loop antennae H01Q1/22
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2477 Antenna or antenna activator circuit
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2482 EAS methods, e.g. description of flow chart of the detection procedure
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/023 Power management, e.g. system sleep and wake up provisions
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0286 Tampering or removal detection of the child unit from child or article
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 21/0288 Attachment of child unit to child/article

Abstract

An object tracking system is provided for tracking the removal of objects from a location and the replacement of the objects at the location. The system includes a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag attached to each of the objects to be tracked and each tag has an antenna. When activated, the RFID tag of an object transmits a unique code identifying the object. A storage unit is provided at the location and the storage unit has a plurality of receptacles configured to receive objects replaced at the location. Each receptacle has an associated antenna for activating the RFID tag of an object in the receptacle and receiving the radio frequency transmitted code of the object. The antennae of the system can be capacitive plates for conveying the radio frequency transmissions through capacitive coupling or inductive loops for conveying the transmissions through inductive coupling. A computer-based controller is coupled to the antenna of the receptacles for receiving transmitted codes and determining based thereon the absence or presence and location of objects within the storage unit.

Claims

1. An object tracking system for tracking the removal of objects from a storage unit and the replacement of the objects at a storage unit, said object tracking system comprising:

a panel disposed in said storage unit, said panel being formed with openings defining a plurality of receptacles for receiving objects to be tracked;

a backplane in said storage unit;

an ID tag attached to each of the objects to be tracked, each ID tag including electronic storage means carrying a stored code associated with the object corresponding to the ID tag, each of said ID tags transmitting its stored code when said ID tag is appropriately activated;

said plurality of receptacles in said panel being configured to receive objects when objects are replaced in said storage unit and to allow the objects to be selectively removed from the storage unit;

a sensor associated with each of said receptacles for activating the ID tag of an object in said receptacle and detecting the resulting transmission by the ID tag of the stored code associated with the object, said sensors being supported on said backplane;

selection circuitry coupled to said sensors for successively selecting said sensors, each sensor, when selected, detecting the stored code associated with an object if an object is present in the corresponding receptacle and detecting no code if an object is not present in the corresponding receptacle;

a controller coupled to said sensors for receiving stored codes detected by said sensors and for determining, based on the received codes, the absence of objects removed from the storage unit and the presence and location within the storage unit of objects present at the storage unit;

each of said ID tags comprising a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, the stored codes of said RFID tags being transmitted through radio frequency transmission;

each of said RFID tags including an antenna for transmission of the stored code within the tag and each of said sensors including an antenna for receiving stored codes transmitted by RFID tags present in a corresponding one of said receptacles.

2. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 1 and wherein said antenna of each RFID tag comprises a pair of capacitive plates and wherein each of said sensors includes a pair of capacitive plates, said capacitive plates of each RFID tag aligning with said capacitive plates of a sensor when the object to which said RFID tag is attached is disposed in the receptacle associated with the sensor, the radio frequency transmission of said ID tag being capacitively coupled to said sensor.

3. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 2 and wherein said capacitive plates are formed of conducive foil.

4. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 2 and wherein said capacitive plates are formed of resistive ink.

5. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 2 and wherein said capacitive plates are applied to a surface of said object.

6. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 2 and wherein said capacitive plates are embedded within said object.

7. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 2 and wherein said capacitive plates of said sensors are mounted on said backplane.

8. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 7 and wherein the objects are relatively thin cards having a length, a width, and a face, said capacitive plates of each ID tag being substantially parallel with the face of its corresponding card and said capacitive plates of each sensor being formed on an upstanding daughter board affixed to said backplane.

9. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 8 and wherein said capacitive plates of each ID tag is disposed on the face of a corresponding card.

10. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 8 and wherein said capacitive plates of each ID tag are embedded within a corresponding card.

11. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 8 and wherein the capacitive plates of each ID tag are oriented along the width of the corresponding card and wherein the capacitive plates of said sensors are correspondingly oriented to align with the capacitive plates of said ID tags.

12. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 8 and wherein the capacitive plates of each ID tag are oriented along the length of the corresponding card and wherein the capacitive plates of said sensors are correspondingly oriented to align with the capacitive plates of said ID tags.

13. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 7 and wherein the objects are relatively thick and have a bottom end that is inserted in a selected receptacle when the object is placed in said storage unit, said capacitive plates of each ID tag being substantially parallel with the bottom end of the corresponding object and said capacitive plates of said sensors being formed on said backplane.

14. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 13 and wherein the objects are openable containers defining an interior space, the bottom ends of the objects have an interior surface and an exterior surface.

15. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 14 and wherein said capacitive plates of each ID tag are disposed on the interior surface of the bottom end of the corresponding openable container.

16. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 14 and wherein said capacitive plates of each ID tag are embedded within the bottom end of the corresponding openable container.

17. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 13 and wherein said backplane has a front surface facing said panel and a back surface facing away from said panel.

18. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 17 and wherein said capacitive plates of said sensors are formed on said front surface of said backplane.

19. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 17 and wherein said capacitive plates of said sensors are formed on said back surface of said backplane.

20. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 17 and wherein said capacitive plates of said sensors are formed by printed circuit tracings on said backplane.

21. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 1 and wherein said antenna of each RFID tag comprises an inductive loop and wherein each of said sensors includes an inductive loop, said inductive loops of each RFID tag being supported on said backplane and aligning with said inductive loop of a sensor when the object to which said RFID tag is attached is disposed in the receptacle associated with the sensor, the radio frequency transmission of said RFID tag being inductively coupled to said sensor.

22. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 21 and wherein the inductive loop of each RFID tag is received within the inductive loop of a sensor when the object to which the RFID tag is attached is inserted within the receptacle corresponding to said sensor.

23. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 21 and wherein the inductive loop of each sensor is received within the inductive loop of an RFID tag when the object to which the RFID tag is attached is inserted within the receptacle corresponding to said sensor.

24. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 21 and wherein the inductive loop of each RFID tag is juxtaposed the inductive loop of a sensor when the object to which the ID tag is attached is inserted within the receptacle corresponding to said sensor.

25. In an object tracking system wherein objects to be tracked are provided with ID tags storing codes identifying the objects and the codes of objects present at a location are read by a reader for determining the presence or absence of objects at the location, the improvement comprising a storage unit at the location , said storage unit including a panel formed with openings defining receptacles for receiving objects to be tracked and a backplane, said reader including detectors disposed on said backplane and associated with said receptacles, the stored codes being conveyed to the detectors through radio frequency transmission.

26. The improvement of claim 25 and wherein the radio frequency transmissions are conveyed to the reader by means of an antenna associated with each ID tag and at least one antenna associated with each of said detectors.

27. The improvement of claim 26 and wherein the antenna associated with each ID tag comprises a pair of capacitive plates and the antenna associated with each detector comprises a pair of capacitive plates positioned to align with the capacitive plates of the ID tag of an object disposed in the receptacle corresponding to the reader.

28. The improvement of claim 26 and wherein the antenna associated with each ID tag comprises an inductive loop and the antenna associated with each detector comprises an inductive loop positioned to align with the inductive loop of the ID tag of an object disposed in the receptacle corresponding to the detector.

29. An object tracking system for tracking the removal and replacement of objects at a location, said object tracking system comprising:

a storage unit;

a panel in said storage unit, said panel being formed with a plurality of openings defining receptacles for receiving objects replaced in said storage unit;

a backplane in said storage unit;

a plurality of radio frequency antennas on said backplane, associated with at least some of said receptacles;

a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag on at least some of the objects to be tracked; and

a radio frequency antenna coupled to each RFID tag on objects to be tracked;

said radio frequency antenna on an object aligning with said radio frequency antenna associated with one of said receptacles when the object is replaced in said receptacle for radio frequency transmission of signals.

30. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 29 and wherein said radio frequency antenna on objects and on said backplane comprise capacitive plates.

31. An object tracking system as claimed in claim 29 and wherein said radio frequency antenna on objects and on said backplane comprise inductive coils.