Communications system

• US 6,204,810 B1
• Filed: 05/09/1997
• Issued: 03/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/09/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Olive Branch Holdings, LLC, Smith Technology Development, LLC
• Original Assignee: Smith Technology Development, LLC
• Inventors: Smith, Stephen H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Blum, Theodore M.
• Application Number:
  US08/853,833
• Time in Patent Office: 1,411 Days
• Field of Search: 342/361, 342/362, 342/363, 342/364, 342/365, 342/366
• US Class Current: 342/365
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/532 Polarisation modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 14/008 Polarisation modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/10 Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity

Abstract

A communications system in which a communications channel is defined at least in part by an electromagnetic wave having a carrier frequency and an electric field vector, the extremity of which traces a non-linear periodic path at a second frequency between the carrier frequency and zero from the perspective of an observer looking into the axis of propagation of the wave. The transmitter of the communications system launches a wave having such characteristics and modulated with information in a suitable manner. The receiver of the communications system is sensitive to the periodic path and second frequency. Either the periodic path, the second frequency, or both provide selectivity that can be used to define multiple communications channels.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

multiplexing at least a first information channel and a second information channel, each information channel being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first information channel combination being different from the second information channel combination; and

transmitting an electromagnetic wave having the multiplexed at least two information channels, the electromagnetic wave having a plurality of wave components, each wave component being associated with one information channel and each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave has at least two wave components each being associated with one information channel from the at least two information channels, each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero, the rotation frequency associated with each information channel differs.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information channel.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

said dipoles receiving for each information channel a rotationally modulated signal shifted an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

8. A method for receiving information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

receiving an electromagnetic wave having at least a first information channel and a second information channel multiplexed together, each information channel being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first information channel combination being different from the second information channel combination, the electromagnetic wave having a plurality of wave components, each wave component being associated with one information channel, each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero; and

demultiplexing the at least two information channels.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the electromagnetic wave has at least two wave components each being associated with one information channel from the at least two information channels, each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero, the rotation frequency associated with each information channel differs.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information channel.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with a first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein:

the electromagnetic wave is received using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation demodulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

14. An apparatus for transmitting information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

at least a first transmission system and a second transmission system each associated with an information channel, each transmission system from the at least two transmission systems being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first transmission system combination being different from the second transmission system combination; and

a transmission medium coupler connected to said at least two transmission systems, said transmission medium coupler multiplexing and transmitting the at least two information channels associated with the at least two transmission systems.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the electromagnetic wave has at least two wave components each being associated with one information channel from the at least two information channels, each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero, the rotation frequency associated with each information channel differs.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information channel.

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein:

the transmission medium coupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein:

the transmission medium coupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and substantially within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation modulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from a plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

20. An apparatus for receiving information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

a transmission medium decoupler, said transmission medium decoupler receiving the electromagnetic wave having at least two multiplexed information channels to produce a plurality of received signals; and

at least a first receiving system and a second receiving system coupled to said transmission medium decoupler, the at least two receiving systems each being associated with an information channel from the at least two multiplexed information channels, each receiving system from the at least two receiving systems being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first receiving system combination being different from the second receiving system combination.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the electromagnetic wave has at least two wave components each being associated with one information channel from the at least two information channels, each wave component having an electric field rotating about a propagation axis at the associated rotation frequency less than the associated carrier frequency and greater than zero, the rotation frequency associated with each information channel differs.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information channel.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:

the transmission medium decoupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein:

the transmission medium decoupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and substantially within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation modulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from a plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

26. A method for transmitting information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

combining a first information channel and a second information channel, each information channel being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first information channel combination being different from the second information channel combination, the rotation frequency in a given unique combination being greater than zero and less than the carrier frequency in a given combination; and

transmitting an electromagnetic wave having the combined two information channels, the electromagnetic wave having at least one wave component for each of the information channels that are combined.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the two information channels have the same carrier frequency.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the two information channels have different carrier frequencies.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the two information channels have the same rotation frequency.

30. The method of claim 26, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the adjacent information channel.

31. The method of claim 26, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

32. The method of claim 26, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

33. The method of claim 26, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

34. The method of claim 26, wherein:

the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation modulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from a plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

35. A method for receiving information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

receiving an electromagnetic wave having a first information channel and a second information channel combined together, each information channel being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first information channel combination being different from the second information channel combination, the rotation frequency in a given unique combination being greater than zero and less than the carrier frequency in a given combination, the received electromagnetic wave having at least one wave component for each of the information channels that are combined; and

splitting the two information channels.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the two information channels have the same carrier frequency.

37. The method of claim 35, wherein the two information channels have different carrier frequencies.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein the two information channels have the same rotation frequency.

39. The method of claim 35, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the adjacent information channel.

40. The method of claim 35, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with a first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

41. The method of claim 35, wherein the electromagnetic wave is transmitted using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

42. The method of claim 35, wherein:

the electromagnetic wave is received using at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation demodulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

43. An apparatus for transmitting information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

at least a first transmission system and a second transmission system each associated with an information channel, each transmission system from the at least two transmission systems being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first transmission system combination being different from the second transmission system combination; and

a transmission medium coupler connected to said at least two transmission systems, said transmission medium coupler combining and transmitting the at least two information channels associated with the at least two transmission systems.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the at least two information channels have the same carrier frequency.

45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the at least two information channels have different carrier frequencies.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the at least two information channels have the same rotation frequency.

47. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information.

48. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

49. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein

the transmission medium coupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

50. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein:

the transmission medium coupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and substantially within a plane transverse to the propagation; and

a rotation modulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from a plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.

51. An apparatus for receiving information using an electromagnetic wave, comprising:

a transmission medium decoupler, said transmission medium decoupler receiving the electromagnetic wave having at least two combined information channels to produce a plurality of received signals; and

at least a first receiving system and a second receiving system coupled to said transmission medium decoupler, the at least two receiving systems each being associated with an information channel from the at least two combined information channels, each receiving system from the at least two receiving systems being associated with a combination of a carrier frequency and a rotation frequency, the first receiving system combination being different from the second receiving system combination.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the two information channels have the same carrier frequency.

53. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the two information channels have the different carrier frequencies.

54. The apparatus of claim 53, wherein the two information channels have the same rotation frequency.

55. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel from the at least two information channels differs from the rotation frequency associated with an adjacent second information channel based on a bandwidth of the first information channel and a bandwidth of the second information channel.

56. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the rotation frequency associated with a first information channel is less than the carrier frequency associated with the first information channel by at least one-half of a bandwidth associated with the first information channel and is greater than zero by at least one-half of the bandwidth associated with the first information channel.

57. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein:

the transmission medium decoupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and within a plane transverse to the propagation axis.

58. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein:

the transmission medium decoupler includes at least three antenna dipoles arranged angularly around the propagation axis in a non-perpendicular manner and substantially within a plane transverse to the propagation axis; and

a rotation modulator for each information channel shifts each rotation signal from a plurality of rotation signals an amount corresponding to the angular arrangement of the antenna dipoles.