Discrete wavelength liquid crystal tuned external cavity diode laser

• US 6,205,159 B1
• Filed: 06/23/1998
• Issued: 03/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Newport Corporation (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Newport Corporation (MKS Instruments Incorporated)
• Inventors: Sesko, David W., Lang, Michael G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Arroyo, Teresa M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Inzirillo, Gioacchino
• Application Number:
  US09/102,586
• Time in Patent Office: 1,001 Days
• Field of Search: 372/6, 372/12, 372/44, 372/26, 372/75, 372/69, 372/23, 372/92, 372/20
• US Class Current: 372/20
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/216 using liquid crystals, e.g. liquid crystal Fabry-Perot filters
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/141 using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon H01S5/146 takes precedence

Abstract

The invention comprises a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer tuned external cavity semiconductor laser. The laser oscillates single mode at a discrete set of wavelengths defined by the transmission of an intracavity static Fabry-Perot etalon. The liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer has a free spectral range larger than the gain bandwidth of the laser amplifier so that it selects only one transmission wavelength. Its resolution bandwidth is much greater than the free spectral range of the external cavity. The static intracavity etalon'"'"'s free spectral range is greater than the resolution bandwidth of the liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer. The static etalon maintains a single mode oscillation by providing a filter narrow enough to select only one external cavity mode.

Claims

1. A tunable laser source comprising:

a laser having a optical cavity containing a gain medium, said optical cavity having a anti-reflective coating on a facet whereby a beam is emitted; and

an external cavity optically connected to said optical cavity, said external cavity having a solid etalon, an interference filter and an adjustable etalon.

2. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, wherein said external cavity further comprises

a lens and said adjustable etalon is a liquid crystal device.

3. The tunable laser source as in claim 2, wherein said external cavity further comprises:

a liquid crystal phase modulator disposed between said solid etalon and said liquid crystal etalon, a refractive index of said liquid crystal phase modulator being adjustable in response to the beam within said external cavity.

4. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, wherein said external cavity further comprises a partially reflective retroreflector.

5. The tunable laser source as in claim 4, wherein said liquid crystal phase modulator further comprises:

a photodiode having a signal;

a control means whereby said signal is received from said photodiode, said signal being transitted to said liquid crystal phase modulator to adjust a refractive index, whereby a wavelength of the external cavity is determined;

said wavelength determining the output wavelength of said optical cavity.

6. The tunable laser source as in claim 5, wherein said external cavity further comprises:

a partially reflecting output face having a cats eye reflector;

an amplifier waveguide inside the external cavity having a collimating lens whereby said beam is focused on the partially reflective retroreflector.

7. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, wherein said external cavity further comprises a partially reflective retroreflector located at a focal point of said lense.

8. The tunable laser source as in claim 7 further comprising a piezo-electric transducer connected to said partially reflective retroreflector.

9. The tunable laser source as in claim 8 further comprising:

control means;

a photodiode having a signal connected to said control means;

said control means receiving said signal, and whereby a signal is transitted from said control means to said piezo-electric transducer, whereby a position of said partially reflective retroreflector is determined;

said position of said partially reflective retroreflector determining an output wavelength of said external cavity.

10. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, further comprising a corner reflector.

11. The tunable laser source as in claim 10, wherein said liquid crystal phase modulator further comprises:

a control means;

a photodiode having a signal;

a partially reflective mirror whereby a partially reflected beam is received by said photodiode; and

said photodiode transmits said signal to said control means which transmits a siganl to said liquid crystal phase modulator whereby an output wavelength for said external cavity is determined.

12. The tunable laser source as in claim 10, wherein said corner reflector further comprises:

a piezo-electric transducer;

a control means;

a photodiode having a signal;

a partially reflective mirror whereby a partially reflected beam is received by said photodiode; and

said photodiode transmitting said signal to said control means whereby said piezo-electric transducer determines a position of said corner reflector;

said position of said corner reflector determining an output wavelength of said laser.

13. The tunable laser source as in claim 12, wherein said laser is connected to a TO-header.

14. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, further comprising a partially reflective retroreflector.

15. The tunable laser source as in claim 14, further comprising:

control means;

a photodiode connected to said control means;

a partially reflective mirror whereby a partially reflected laser beam is received by said photodiode; and

said control means for receiving a signal from said photodiode, and whereby a signal is transitted from said control means to said piezo-electric transducer whereby a position of said partially reflective retroreflector is determined;

said position of said partially reflective retroreflector determining an output wavelength of said laser.

16. The tunable laser source as in claim 15, wherein said laser is connected to a TO-header.

17. The tunable laser source as in claim 2, wherein said liquid crystal etalon comprises a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer.

18. The tunable laser source as in claim 17, wherein said solid etalon comprises a Fabry-Perot etalon.

19. The tunable laser source as in claim 2, wherein said liquid crystal etalon comprises a ferroelectric Fabry-Perot interferometer.

20. The tunable laser source as in claim 1, wherein said solid etalon has a free spectral range that matches a wave-length division multiplexing wavelength.

21. A method for tuning a laser source, comprising:

emitting a light beam from a laser source that is directed through a solid etalon, an interference filter and an adjustable etalon;

detecting the light beam; and

varying a refractive innex of the adjustable etalon.

22. The method as in claim 21, further comprising varying a refractive index of a modulator located in an optical path of the light beam.