Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking

• US 6,205,249 B1
• Filed: 04/02/1998
• Issued: 03/20/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Wistaria Trading Inc.
• Original Assignee: Wistaria Trading Inc.
• Inventors: Moskowitz, Scott A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hayes, Gail O.
• Assistant Examiner(s): SONG, HOSUK
• Application Number:
  US09/053,628
• Time in Patent Office: 1,083 Days
• Field of Search: 380/4, 380/54, 380/25, 380/23, 380/28, 382/232, 382/248, 713/176, 283/17, 283/73
• US Class Current: 382/232
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0057 Compression invariant watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0064 Geometric transfor invariant watermarking, e.g. affine transform invariant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0053 Embedding of the watermark in the coding stream, possibly without decoding; Embedding of the watermark in the compressed domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0063 in relation to collusion attacks, e.g. collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/04 Masking or blinding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/043 of tables, e.g. lookup, substitution or mapping
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/046 of operations, operands or results of the operations
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0819 Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) network architectures or network communication protocols for key distribution in a packet data network H04L63/062
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/14 using a plurality of keys or algorithms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/3216 using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32187 with selective or adaptive application of the additional information, e.g. in selected frequency coefficients
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/324 : Selecting a particular authentication information from amongst a plurality of different authentication information

Abstract

Multiple transform utilization and applications for secure digital watermarking. In one embodiment of the present invention, digital blocks in digital information to be protected are transformed into the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform. A plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes are identified for each of the transformed digital blocks and a subset of the identified amplitudes is selected for each of the digital blocks using a primary mask from a key. Message information is selected from a message using a transformation table generated with a convolution mask. The chosen message information is encoded into each of the transformed digital blocks by altering the selected amplitudes based on the selected message information.

Claims

1. A method for encoding a message into digital information, the digital information including a plurality of digital blocks, comprising the steps of:

transforming each of the digital blocks into the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform;

identifying a plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks;

selecting a subset of the identified amplitudes for each of the digital blocks using a primary mask from a key;

choosing message information from the message using a transformation table generated with a convolution mask; and

encoding the chosen message information into each of said transformed digital blocks by altering the selected amplitudes based on the chosen message information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital information contains pixels in a plurality of color channels forming an image, and each of the digital blocks represents a pixel region in one of the color channels.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of identifying comprises:

identifying a predetermined number of amplitudes having the largest values for each of the transformed digital blocks.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the chosen message information is a message bit and wherein said step of encoding comprises the step of:

encoding the chosen message bit into each of said transformed digital blocks by reducing the selected amplitudes using a strength fraction if the message bit is true, and not reducing the selected amplitudes if the message bit is false.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the strength fraction is user defined.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of storing each of the selected amplitudes and associated frequencies in the key.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the image is a rectangle and the reference subset of pixels form a diagonal of the rectangle.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said steps of padding and re-comparing are performed until a satisfactory fit value is obtained.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of storing a reference subset of the digital information into the key.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital information contains pixels forming an image, further comprising the steps of:

saving a reference subset of the pixels in the key; and

storing original dimensions of the image in the key.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the reference subset of pixels form a line of pixels in the image.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

requiring a predetermined key to decode the encoded message information.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

requiring a public key pair to decode the encoded message information.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

calculating an original hash value for the message; and

storing the original hash value in the key.

15. A method for encoding a message into digital information, the digital information including a plurality of digital blocks, comprising the steps of:

transforming each of the digital blocks into the frequency domain using a spectral transform;

identifying a plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks;

selecting a subset of the identified amplitudes for each of the digital blocks using a primary mask from a key;

choosing message information from the message using a transformation table generated with a convolution mask; and

encoding the chosen message information into each of said transformed digital blocks by altering the selected amplitudes based on the chosen message information.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the digital information contains audio information.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the digital information contains audio information, further comprising the steps of:

saving a reference subset of audio information in the key; and

storing original dimensions of the audio signal in the key.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the reference subset of audio information includes an amplitude setting.

19. A method of extracting a message from encoded digital information using a predetermined key, comprising the steps of:

decoding the encoded digital information into digital information, including a plurality of digital blocks, using the predetermined key;

transforming each of the digital blocks into the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform;

identifying a plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks;

selecting a subset of the identified amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks using a primary mask from the key;

comparing the selected amplitudes with original amplitudes stored in the predetermined key to determine the position of encoded message information; and

assembling the message using the encoded message information and a reverse transformation table.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of:

calculating a hash value for the assembled message; and

comparing the calculated hash value with an original hash value in the predetermined key.

21. A method of extracting a message from encoded digital information using a predetermined key, comprising the steps of:

decoding the encoded digital information into digital information, including a plurality of digital blocks, using the predetermined key;

transforming each of the digital blocks into the frequency domain using a spectral transform;

identifying a plurality of frequencies and associated amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks;

selecting a subset of the identified amplitudes for each of the transformed digital blocks using a primary mask from the key;

comparing the selected amplitudes with original amplitudes stored in the predetermined key to determine the position of encoded message information; and

assembling the message using the encoded message information and a reverse transformation table.