Method and apparatus for imbedding a watermark into a bitstream representation of a digital image sequence

• US 6,208,745 B1
• Filed: 12/30/1997
• Issued: 03/27/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hanger Solutions, LLC (IP Investments Group LLC)
• Original Assignee: Sarnoff Corporation (SRI International, Inc.)
• Inventors: Florencio, Dinei A., Isnardi, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Au, Amelia
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dastouri, Mehrdad
• Application Number:
  US09/001,205
• Time in Patent Office: 1,183 Days
• Field of Search: 382/232, 382/250, 382/251, 382/100, 162/110, 380/4, 380/51, 713/176
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0057 Compression invariant watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0053 Embedding of the watermark in the coding stream, possibly without decoding; Embedding of the watermark in the compressed domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/00 Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/124 Quantisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/126 Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/60 using transform coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8358 involving watermark protecting executable software by watermarking G06F21/16; image watermarking in general G06T1/0021; watermarks inserted in still images for transmission purposes H04N1/32144; inserting watermarks during video coding H04N19/467

Abstract

A method and apparatus that inserts watermark information directly into an encoded video bitstream. The method identifies specific blocks or macroblocks in an encoded video bitstieam and inserts the watermark information directly into the bitstream such that these selected blocks are replaced with a block containing watermark information or augmented with watermark information.

Claims

1. A method of inserting a watermark into a block-level bitstream containing an encoded sequence of images, comprising the steps of:

identifying, within the block-level bitstream, a potentially skipped block for alteration which, if image information in the potentially skipped block is altered, a decoded sequence of images containing the potentially skipped block would be inconsequentially impacted;

selecting said identified block within a frame as a selected block;

combining the selected block with a block containing watermark information; and

whereby the block level bitstream is watermarked.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said frame within which said potentially skipped block is selected is a particular type of frame.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the particular type of frame is used for predicting the content of other frames during bitstream decoding.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the particular type of frame is not used for predicting the content of other frames during bitstream decoding.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein said block containing said watermark information is produced by the following steps:

providing a watermark image;

performing a discrete cosine transform upon said watermark image to produce a plurality of DCT coefficients; and

quantizing said DCT coefficients to produce at least one block of quantized DCT coefficients that form said block of watermark information.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said block of watermark information is a pseudorandom or deterministic code.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

altering user data of the block level bitstream to include watermark decoding information.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step further comprises the steps of:

identifying a busy region within the frame; and

selecting said block within said busy region.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step further comprises the steps of:

identifying a certain region within the frame using a subjective criterion; and

selecting said block within said certain region.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein said combining step further comprises the step of:

replacing the selected block with a block containing watermark information.

11. Apparatus for inserting a watermark into a block-level bitstream containing an encoded sequence of images, comprising:

a frame and block selector for identifying, within the block-level bitstream, a potentially skipped block for alteration which, if image information in the potentially skipped block is altered, a decoded sequence of images containing the potentially skipped block would be inconsequentially impacted, and for selecting the potentially skipped block within a frame as a selected block;

a watermark encoder, coupled to said frame and block selector, for producing a block containing watermark information; and

where said frame and block selector combines the selected block with said block containing watermark information to watermark the block level bitstream.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein said frame within which said potentially skipped block is selected is a particular type of frame.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the particular type of frame is used for predicting the content of other frames during bitstream decoding.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the particular type of frame is used for predicting the content of other frames during bitstream decoding.

15. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said watermark encoder is coupled to a watermark generator for providing the watermark encoder a watermark image, and said watermark encoder further comprises:

a discrete cosine transform unit for performing a discrete cosine transform upon said watermark image to produce a plurality of DCT coefficients; and

a quantizer for quantizing said DCT coefficients to produce at least one block of quantized DCT coefficients that form said block of watermark information.

16. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said block of watermark information is a pseudorandom or deterministic code.

17. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprises:

a user data processor for altering the user data of the block level bitstream to include watermark decoding information.

18. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said frame and block selector replaces the selected block with said block containing watermark information to watermark the block level bitstream.