Apparatus for diagnosing electric power source while power is supplied to load device from the power source

• US 6,211,681 B1
• Filed: 05/02/2000
• Issued: 04/03/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kominami, Yoshiaki, Sumiyoshi, Masayuki, Kagawa, Kazunori, Nakamura, Eiji, Yano, Tsuyoshi, Otomo, Akihiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward H.
• Application Number:
  US09/562,898
• Time in Patent Office: 336 Days
• Field of Search: 320/103, 320/104, 320/116, 320/117, 320/119, 320/123, 320/140, 320/DIG. 33, 320/DIG. 34, 320/DIG. 36, 324/426, 324/429, 324/433, 324/434
• US Class Current: 324/426
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/46 Series type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2220/16 DC brushless machines
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/10 by alarm
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/16 by display
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/61 by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/10 for monitoring or controlling batteries
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/18 including control of braking systems
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/50 Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/021 Means for detecting failure or malfunction
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/006 on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks testing of ignition installations peculiar to internal combustion engines F02P17/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/40 Testing power supplies testing photovoltaic devices H02S50/10
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 : Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 : having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/947 : Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking

Abstract

A power source monitoring apparatus for monitoring a state of a subject power source which consists of at least one of a plurality of electric power sources in an electric system wherein a load device having at least one electrically operated load is electrically connected to the power sources, the monitoring device apparatus a detecting portion which detects a voltage and/or a current of at least one of the load device and the plurality of electric power sources, and a diagnosing device which diagnoses the subject power source for an abnormality on the basis of an output of the detecting portion, while the electric system is placed in a power supply state wherein an electric power is permitted to be supplied from only the subject power source to the load device.

Claims

1. A power source monitoring apparatus for monitoring a state of each of at least one subject power source which consists of at least one of a plurality of electric power sources in an electric system wherein a load device having at least one electrically operated load is electrically connected to said plurality of electric power sources, said power source monitoring apparatus comprising:

a detecting portion which detects at least one of a voltage and a current of at least one of said load device, said at least one subject power source, and at least one non-subject power source which consists of said plurality of electric power sources except said at least one subject power source; and

a first diagnosing device which diagnoses said each subject power source for an abnormality on the basis of an output of said detecting portion, while said electric system is placed in a power supply state wherein an electric power is permitted to be supplied from only said subject power source to said load device.

2. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for assuring an operation of said load device with the electric power supplied from said at least one subject power source when said first diagnosing device diagnoses said each subject power source.

3. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said power supply state is established with said at least one non-subject power source being temporarily disconnected from said load device.

4. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said power supply state is established with a temporary limitation of said electric power to be supplied from said at least one non-subject power source to said load device, without a temporary disconnection of said at least one non-subject power source from said load device.

5. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said temporary limitation is established while said at least one non-subject power source is intermittently or continuously connected to said load device, such that a voltage of said at least one non-subject power source is lowered to a level which is between an upper limit lower than an expected lowest level of a voltage of said at least one subject power source when said at least one subject power source is normal, and a lower limit higher than zero.

6. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one non-subject power source cooperates with a switching device to constitute a main power source device, said switching device having a connecting state wherein said at least one non-subject power source is connected to both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and a disconnecting state wherein said at least one non-subject power source is disconnected from both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and wherein said switching device is operable between said connecting and disconnecting states, to thereby control flows of the electric current between said at least one non-subject power source and a series connection of said at least one subject power source and said load device, said first diagnosing device commanding said switching device to establish said power supply state.

7. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a switching device which has a connecting state wherein said at least one non-subject power source is connected to both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and a disconnecting state wherein said said at least one non-subject power source is disconnected from both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and wherein said switching device is operable between said connecting and disconnecting states, to thereby control flows of the electric current between said at least one non-subject power source and a series connection of said at least one subject power source and said load device, said first diagnosing device commanding said switching device to establish said power supply state.

8. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said switching device includes a switching element which is operable between an on state and an off state.

9. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 7, wherein each of said at least one subject power source and said at least one non-subject power source is a direct current power source, and said switching device comprises a DC/DC converter including (a) a DC-AC converter which converts a direct current of said at least one non-subject power source into an alternating current, (b) a transformer which changes a voltage of the alternating current, and (c) an AC-DC converter which converts the alternating current whose voltage has been changed, into a direct current.

10. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a nominal voltage of said at least one subject power source and a nominal voltage of said at least one non-subject power source are different from each other.

11. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a nominal voltage of said at least one non-subject power source is higher than that of said at least one subject power source.

12. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said at least one non-subject power source constitutes a primary power source, while each of said at least one subject power source is an auxiliary battery which has a lower nominal voltage and which is charged by said primary power source.

13. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said first diagnosing device determines whether said auxiliary battery is in a deteriorated state or in an insufficiently charged state, on the basis of said output of said detecting portion.

14. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a second diagnosing device which diagnoses said each subject power source on the basis of said output of said detecting portion, without temporary disconnection or limitation of an electric power supply from said at least one non-subject power source to said load device, while the electric power is supplied to said load device from both said at least one non-subject power source and said at least one subject power source.

15. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said second diagnosing device includes means for determining that the electric power is supplied from both said at least one non-subject power source and said at least one subject power source to said load device, if a first condition is satisfied or if said first and a second condition are both satisfied, said first condition being satisfied when an amount of electric current supplied from said at least one non-subject power source to said load device is substantially equal to a maximum amount of electric current that can be supplied from said at least one non-subject power source to said load device, and said second condition being satisfied when a voltage of said at least one non-subject power source is substantially equal to that of said at least one subject power source.

16. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said load device includes an electric motor which converts an electric energy into a kinetic energy.

17. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said each of said plurality of electric power sources includes at least one of a battery and an electric generator.

18. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device diagnoses said each subject power source at a time interval which changes depending upon a change of said output of said detecting portion.

19. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said at least one of said first and second diagnosing devices changes said time interval such that said time interval is longer when said output is relatively large than when said output is relatively small.

20. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device diagnoses said each subject power source on the basis of a result of comparison of said output of said detecting portion with a threshold value which is determined by said output.

21. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for determining said threshold value such that said threshold value is larger when said output is relatively large than when said output is relatively small.

22. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device device includes determining means for determining that said each subject power source is abnormal, if said output of said detecting portion has been reduced to a threshold value before a predetermined time has passed after said power supply state has been established, said determining means determining said predetermined time depending upon said output.

23. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said determining means determines said predetermined time such that said predetermined time is shorter when said output is relatively large than when said output is relatively small.

24. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for permitting a diagnosis of said each subject power source when said load device is not required to perform an assigned function thereof.

25. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said load device is provided on an automotive vehicle to enable said automotive vehicle to perform an intended function thereof, and said first diagnosing device includes means for permitting a diagnosis of said each subject power source when said automotive vehicle is in a substantially stationary state.

26. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 25, wherein said means for permitting a diagnosis of said each subject power source permits said diagnosis immediately after said automotive vehicle has been enabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is disabled to perform said intended function, and/or immediately after said automotive vehicle has been disabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is enabled to perform said intended function.

27. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising a connection control device which has a connecting state wherein said at least one non-subject power source is connected to both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and a disconnecting state wherein said at least one non-subject power source is disconnected from both of said at least one subject power source and said load device, and wherein said connection control device is operable between said connecting and disconnecting states, to thereby control flows of the electric current between said at least one non-subject power source and a series connection of said at least one subject power source and said load device, said connection control device being brought into said disconnecting state immediately after said automotive vehicle has been enabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is disabled to perform said intended function, and/or immediately after said automotive vehicle has been disabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is enabled to perform said intended function.

28. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for commanding said load device to perform a predetermined operation with the electric power supplied from said at least one subject power source such that an amount of electric power of said at least one subject power source which is consumed by said load device is made equal to a predetermined value, said load device being commanded to perform said predetermined operation immediately after said automotive vehicle has been enabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is disabled to perform said intended function, and/or immediately after said automotive vehicle has been disabled to perform said intended function while said automotive vehicle is disabled to perform said intended function.

29. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for permitting a diagnosis of said each subject power source when an amount of consumption of the electric power of said at least one subject power source is larger than a threshold value.

30. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said automotive vehicle includes a drive power source which drives said automotive vehicle, and said electric system includes a starter which is operated by the electric power supplied by only said at least one subject power source, to start said drive power source for enabling said automotive vehicle to perform said intended function, said diagnosis of said each subject power source being permitted while said starter is operated to start said drive power source.

31. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 30, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for inhibiting a diagnosis of said each subject power source while said drive power source is started without an operation of said starter.

32. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device includes means for inhibiting a diagnosis of said each subject power source when a power source other than said plurality of power sources is connected to said each subject power source.

33. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said load device includes a plurality of electrically operated loads, said apparatus further comprising load limiting means for selecting at least one of said plurality of electrically operated loads as at least one operable load that is permitted to be operated with the electric power supplied from said at least one non-subject power source when said first diagnosing device determines that any one of said at least one subject power source is abnormal.

34. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said load limiting means includes selecting means for selecting said at least one operable load from said plurality of electrically operated loads, according to priorities which are respectively given to said plurality of electrically operated loads such that the priorities increase in the order of importance of functions performed by said electrically operated loads on an automotive vehicle.

35. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising power consumption limiting means for limiting an amount of electric power consumed by said load device when said first diagnosing device determines that any one of said at least one subject power source is abnormal, such that the limited amount is smaller than an amount normally consumed by said load device.

36. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 34, wherein said load limiting means includes power consumption limiting means for limiting an amount of electric power consumed by said at least one operable load selected by said selecting means when said first diagnosing device determines that any one of said at least one subject power source is abnormal, such that the limited amount is smaller than an amount normally consumed by said at least one operable load.

37. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a third diagnosing device which diagnoses said at least one non-subject power source on the basis of said output of said detecting portion.

38. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said detecting portion includes a voltage detecting portion which detects a voltage of said load device, and said electric system includes a voltage regulating device which feedback-controls a voltage of said at least one non-subject power source to a predetermined value on the basis of the voltage detected by said voltage detecting portion.

39. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 38, wherein said first diagnosing device commands the voltage regulating device to establish said power supply state wherein said electric power is permitted to be supplied from only said subject power source to said load device.

40. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electric system includes a supply power regulating device including (a) an electric power regulating portion provided between said at least one subject power source and said load device, to regulate an electric power to be supplied from said at least one subject power source to said load device, and (b) a control portion which controls an operating state of said electric power regulating portion so that an amount of electric power to be supplied to said load device is equal to a predetermined value, and wherein said detecting portion detects the operating state of said electric power regulating portion.

41. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 40, wherein said electric power regulating portion includes a DC/DC converter including (a) a plurality of switching elements which convert a direct current of said at least one subject power source into an alternating current, (b) a transformer which regulates a voltage of the alternating current, and (c) an AC/DC converting element which converts the alternating current whose voltage has been regulated by said transformer, into a direct current, and said control portion includes a duty ratio control portion which alternately turns on and off said plurality of switching elements at a duty ratio determined by the amount of electric power supplied to said load device and the voltage of said at least one subject power source,

and wherein said detecting portion includes a duty ratio detecting portion which detects said duty ratio of said switching elements.

42. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one non-subject power source consists of an electric generator which is operated to generate an electric power, by a drive power source provided to drive an automotive vehicle on which the power source monitoring apparatus is provided, and wherein said first diagnosing device diagnoses said each subject power source when said drive power source is turned on, and/or when said drive power source is turned off.

43. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first diagnosing device includes a composite diagnosing portion on the basis of an output of said detecting portion immediately after an automotive vehicle on which the power source monitoring apparatus is provided has been enabled to perform an assigned function thereof while the automotive vehicle is disabled to perform said assigned function, and an output of said detecting portion immediately after the automotive vehicle has been disabled to perform said assigned function while the automotive vehicle is enabled to perform the assigned function.

44. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said at least one electrically operated load of said load device includes (a) a drive power source of an electrically operated hydraulic pressure source capable of pressurizing a working fluid, (b) a solenoid coil of a solenoid-operated control valve capable of controlling a pressure of the working fluid to be applied to a hydraulically operated brake in a braking system, and (c) a computer which constitutes a major portion of a hydraulic pressure control device which controls the pressure of said hydraulically operated brake, by controlling at least one of an electric energy to be supplied to said drive power source and an electric energy to be supplied to said solenoid coil,

and wherein said drive power source, said solenoid coil and said computer are operable with an electric power supplied from an electric power source device which includes said plurality of power sources.

45. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said electric power source device consists of a first power source unit including at least one of said plurality of power sources, and a second power source unit including at least one of said plurality of power source which is other than said at least one power source of said first power source unit, and said solenoid coil and said computer are connected to both of said first and second power source units, while said drive power source of said hydraulic pressure source is connected to said electric power source device such that the drive power source is operated with the electric energy supplied from only said second power source unit,

and wherein at least one of said first and second power source units includes at least one of said at least one subject power source.

46. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 44, wherein said electrically operated hydraulic pressure source includes a low-pressure pump, and a high-pressure pump whose delivery pressure is higher than that of said low-pressure pump and whose delivery rate is lower than that of said low-pressure pump, and said drive power source includes a low-pressure pump motor and a high-pressure pump motor for operating said low-pressure and high-pressure pumps, respectively,

and wherein said solenoid coil, said computer and said high-pressure pump motor are connected to said at least one subject power source and said at least one non-subject power source whose voltage is higher than the voltage of said at least one subject power source, and said low-pressure pump motor is connected to said electric power source device such that the low-pressure pump motor is operated with the electric energy supplied from only said at least one non-subject power source.

47. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, which is provided on an automotive vehicle including (a) a drive power source, (b) said electric system including said load device connected to said plurality of power sources, and (c) a disconnecting circuit for temporarily disconnecting at least one of said plurality of power sources from said load device when said drive power source is started, and said at least one subject power source includes at least one of said plurality of power sources which is not temporarily disconnected by said disconnecting circuit from said load device,

and wherein said detecting portion detects at least one of a voltage and an electric current of at least one of said load device and said at least one non-subject power source which consists of said plurality of power sources except said at least one of said plurality of power sources which is not temporarily disconnected by said disconnecting circuit from said load device, and said first diagnoses device diagnosing each of said at least one subject power source on the basis of at least one of said output of said detecting portion and a rate of change of said output, when said drive power source of the automotive vehicle is started.

48. A power source control apparatus provided in an electric system including (a) at least one subject power source, (b) at least one non-subject power source, (c) a load device connected to said at least one subject power source and said at least one non-subject power source and having at least one electrically operated load, and (d) a voltage regulating portion which is provided between said load device and at least one of said at least one non-subject power source and which regulates a voltage of said at least one of said at least one non-subject power source so that the regulated voltage is applied to said load device, said power source control apparatus comprising:

a power source monitoring device which diagnoses each of said at least one subject power source; and

a supply voltage reducing device for controlling said voltage regulating portion such that a voltage to be applied to said load device is lower when said power source monitoring device has determined that any one of said at least one subject power source is abnormal, than when said power source monitoring device has determined that said at least one subject power source is normal.

49. A power source control apparatus according to claim 48, wherein said supply voltage reducing device includes means for controlling said voltage regulating portion to reduce the voltage to be applied to said load device, when an amount of electric power consumed by said load device has exceeded a predetermined upper limit.

50. A power source monitoring apparatus for monitoring a state of a low-voltage power source in an electric system wherein a load device having at least one electrically operated load is connected to said low-voltage power source and a high-voltage power source, said power source monitoring apparatus comprising:

a detecting portion which detects at least one of a voltage and an electric current of at least one of said load device, said high-voltage power source and said low-voltage power source; and

a diagnosing device which diagnoses said low-voltage power source for an abnormality on the basis of at least one of an output of said detecting portion and a rate of change of said output, while an electric power is supplied to said load device from both of said high-voltage power source and said low-voltage power source, without temporary disconnection of said high-voltage power source from said load device or temporary limitation of the electric power supplied from said high-voltage power source to said load device.

51. A power source monitoring apparatus according to claim 50, wherein said diagnosing device includes means for determining that the electric power is supplied from both of said high-voltage and low-voltage power sources to said load device, if a first condition is satisfied or if said first and a second condition are both satisfied, said first condition being satisfied when an amount of electric current supplied from said high-voltage power source to said load device is substantially equal to a maximum amount of electric current that can be supplied from said high-voltage power source to said load device, and said second condition being satisfied when a voltage of said high-voltage power source is substantially equal to that of said low-voltage power source.

52. A braking system comprising:

a hydraulically operated brake;

an electrically operated hydraulic pressure source including a drive power source and pressurizing a working fluid;

a solenoid-operated control valve including a solenoid coil and capable of controlling a pressure of the working fluid to be applied to said hydraulically operated brake; and

a hydraulic pressure control device which controls the pressure of said hydraulically operated brake, by controlling at least one of an electric energy to be supplied to said drive power source of said electrically operated hydraulic pressure source and an electric energy to be supplied to said solenoid coil,

and wherein at least one of said drive power source and said solenoid coil is connected to a plurality of electric power sources which include at least one subject power source, and said hydraulic pressure control device includes an abnormality-handling pressure control portion which is operated when any one of said at least one subject power source is abnormal, to control at least one of the electric energy to be supplied to said drive power source and the electric energy to be supplied to said solenoid coil, in an abnormality-handling manner which is different from a normal manner in which said at least one of said electric energies is controlled when none of said at least one subject power source is abnormal.

53. A method of monitoring a state of each of at least one subject power source which consists of at least one of a plurality of electric power sources in an electric system wherein a load device is electrically connected to the plurality of electric power sources, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting at least one of a voltage and a current of at least one of said load device, said at least one subject power source and at least one non-subject power source which consists of said plurality of electric power sources except said at least one subject power source; and

diagnosing said each subject power source for an abnormality on the basis of at least one of said at least one of said voltage and said current and a rate of change of said at least one of said at least one of said voltage and said current, while said electric system is placed in a power supply state wherein an electric power is permitted to be supplied from only said subject power source to said load device.

54. A method according to claim 53, wherein said power supply state is established with a temporary limitation of the electric power to be supplied from said at least one non-subject power source to said load device, without a temporary disconnection of said at least one non-subject power source from said load device.

58. A method according to claim 53, wherein said low-voltage power source includes a battery which is charged by said high-voltage power source.

55. A method of monitoring a state of a low-voltage power source in an electric system wherein a load device having at least one electrically operated load is electrically connected to said low-voltage power source and a high-voltage power source, said method comprising the steps of:

detecting at least one of a voltage and a current of at least one of said high-voltage and low-voltage power sources; and

diagnosing said low-voltage power source for an abnormality on the basis of at least one of said at least one of said voltage and said current and a rate of change of said at least one of said at least one of said voltage and said current, while said electric system is placed in a power supply state wherein an electric power is permitted to be supplied from at least said low-voltage power source.

56. A method according to claim 55, wherein said power supply state is established with a temporary limitation of the electric power to be supplied from said high-voltage power source to said load device, without a temporary disconnection of said high-voltage power source from said load device.

57. A method according to claim 56, wherein said power supply state includes a state wherein the electric power is supplied to said load device from both of said high-voltage and low-voltage power sources.

59. A method according to claim 55, wherein said low-voltage power source includes a battery which is charged by said high-voltage power source.