Method and apparatus to enhance optical transparency of biological tissues

• US 6,219,575 B1
• Filed: 10/23/1998
• Issued: 04/17/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Applied Tissue Optics, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Babak Nemati
• Inventors: Nemati, Babak
• Primary Examiner(s): Seidel, Richard K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hayes, Michael J
• Application Number:
  US09/177,348
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 604/20, 604/19, 604/21, 604/500, 604/506, 604/507, 604/511, 128/898
• US Class Current: 604/20
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/203 applying laser energy to the outside of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00452 Skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/415 the glands, e.g. tonsils, adenoids or thymus
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/062 Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent

Abstract

Method and apparatus for enhancing the optical transparency of biological tissue covered by a surface permeability barrier of tissue, involving the delivery of a clarifying agent to the target biological tissue to alter the attenuation characteristics of the target biological tissue.

Claims

1. Method for performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure on a first biological tissue having interstitial space therein and covered by a surface permeability barrier of a second tissue, said diagnostic and therapeutic procedure requiring optical access into said covered first biological tissue, said method comprising:

a) providing means for bypassing said surface permeability barrier of second tissue to permit the delivery of a clarifying agent past said surface permeability barrier of second tissue directly to said interstitial space within said covered first biological tissue,

b) delivering said clarifying agent past said surface permeability barrier of second tissue directly to said interstitial space within said covered first biological tissue to enhance the optical transparency of said covered first biological tissue on a transient basis,

c) performing said diagnostic or therapeutic procedure on said covered first biological tissue while the optical transparency thereof has been enhanced.

2. Method as in claim 1, wherein

d) said diagnostic or therapeutic application is directed at affecting endogenous or exogenous structures or constituents within or underlying skin.

3. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said endogenous structures within skin are sebaceous glands.

4. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said endogenous structures within skin are hair follicles.

5. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said endogenous structures within skin are eccrine glands.

6. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said therapeutic application is directed to affecting subcutaneous fat.

7. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said therapeutic application is directed at treating pigmented lesions of the skin.

8. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at treating vascular lesions of the skin.

9. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at light microscopy of said first biological tissue.

10. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at confocal microscopy of said first biological tissue.

11. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at optical coherence tomography of said first biological tissue.

12. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at fluorescence spectroscopy of said first biological tissue.

13. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at reflectance spectroscopy of said first biological tissue.

14. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at non-invasive analyte sensing.

15. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at measuring the glucose concentration in blood.

16. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at measuring the glucose concentration in interstitial fluids.

17. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at measuring cholesterol concentration in blood.

18. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at optical tomography of said first biological tissue.

19. Method as in claim 2, wherein

e) said diagnostic application is directed at photodynamic detection of abnormal said first biological tissue.

20. Method as in claim 1, said interstitial space having interstitial fluid within said said interstitial space, wherein:

d) said clarifying agent alters the refractive index of said interstitial fluid on a transient basis to reduce the heterogeneity of the refractive indices within said interstitial space thereby to reduce the level of optical scaterring within said first covered biological tissue.