Method and system for determining an effective amount of light energy to delivery to fluids having targets for the light energy

• US 6,219,584 B1
• Filed: 07/09/1999
• Issued: 04/17/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 07/09/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Mallinckrodt Critical Care Finance Inc (Mallinckrodt plc), Mallinckrodt Pharma Ip Trading DAC (Mallinckrodt plc)
• Original Assignee: Therakos, Inc (Mallinckrodt plc)
• Inventors: Lee, Kyu Ho
• Primary Examiner(s): Grant, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Marc, McDieunel, Marc, McDieunel
• Application Number:
  US09/350,134
• Time in Patent Office: 648 Days
• Field of Search: 700/90, 700/79, 700/80, 700/83, 700/84, 600/6.08, 604/4, 604/20, 604/28, 422/44, 422/22, 422/24, 128/898, 607/92, 436/519-523, 606/7, 606/15, 606/322
• US Class Current: 700/90
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3681 by irradiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3683 using photoactive agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3687 Chemical treatment A61M1/3675 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3693 using separation based on different densities of components, e.g. centrifuging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3696 with means for adding or withdrawing liquid substances during the centrifugation, e.g. continuous centrifugation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/053 ultraviolet

Abstract

Systems and methods for determining an effective amount of light energy to deliver to fluids, particularly fluids having target and non-target materials. The systems and methods specifically relate to phototherapy and photopheresis systems where an effective amount of light energy is desired to be delivered to targets in biological fluids.

Claims

1. A method of determining a fluid light energy value for delivery to a biological fluid comprising targets and non-target material, wherein an effective amount of light energy is desired to be delivered to said targets and wherein said non-target material attenuates said light energy destined for said targets, comprising the steps of:

obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value;

obtaining said fluid'"'"'s average light energy factor; and

calculating said fluid light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid, wherein determining the fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

delivering the fluid light energy value to said biological fluid.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the fluid'"'"'s light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:

providing a homogenous biological fluid mixture.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises the steps of:

obtaining a thickness ratio;

obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor is performed by one or more computer processors.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises the step of:

accessing a thickness ratio table.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining said red blood cell percentage comprises the step of:

accessing a red blood cell percentage table.

10. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of:

providing a homogenous biological fluid mixture.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein obtaining said red blood cell percentage comprises the step of:

accessing a red blood cell percentage table.

18. The method of claim 6, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises the steps of:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

calculating the thickness ratio.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio is performed by one or more computer processors.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein obtaining said uniform film thickness comprises the step of:

accessing an uniform thickness ratio table.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein obtaining said thickness for said non-target comprises the step of:

accessing a non-target thickness table.

22. The method of claim 5, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises the steps of:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein theoretical stacking of said red-blood cells does not occur.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein said biological fluid comprises up to about twenty percent said red blood cells.

25. The method of claim 22 further comprising the step of:

obtaining a stacking factor.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein said stacking factor is between 1 and 2.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein said stacking factor is 1.5.

28. The method of claim 22, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor is performed by one or more computer processors.

29. The method of claim 22, wherein obtaining said uniform thickness comprises the step of:

accessing a biological fluid thickness table.

30. The method of claim 22 further comprising the step of:

providing a homogenous biological fluid mixture.

31. The method of claim 22, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

35. The method of claim 34, when said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein determining said fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein determining said fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

43. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating an irradiation time period required by a light energy source to deliver said fluid'"'"'s light energy value.

44. The method of claim 43 further comprising the step of:

delivering the fluid'"'"'s light energy value to said biological fluid.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein calculating the irradiation time period is performed by one or more computer processors.

46. The method of claim 43, wherein calculating the irradiation time period comprises:

obtaining a decay life value for said light energy source.

47. The method of claim 43, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells, and wherein calculating the irradiation time period comprises:

obtaining a volume of biological fluid value;

obtaining a percent of red blood cells value; and

obtaining a decay life value for said light energy source.

48. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said targets'"'"' effective light energy value comprises the step of:

accessing a targets'"'"' effective light energy value table.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

50. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value comprises the steps of:

placing said targets in fluid, wherein said targets in said fluid do not receive attenuated light energy; and

irradiating said fluid with sample light energy values.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein said fluid comprises saline.

52. The method of claim 50, wherein said fluid comprises plasma.

53. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value comprises the steps of:

placing said leukocytes in fluid comprising saline; and

identifying a light energy value whereby a desired percentage of said leukocytes will die over the course of a specified time after exposure to said light energy.

54. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value comprises the steps of:

obtaining sample biological fluids from donors;

irradiating said targets in said biological fluids with sample light energy values; and

determining the target'"'"'s effective light energy value.

55. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises the step of:

accessing a light energy factor table.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor is performed by one or more computer processors.

57. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining said average light energy factor comprises the steps of:

obtaining an average light energy value at a unit surface area of the targets in the biological fluid;

obtaining a light energy value at an incident surface of the biological fluid film; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor is performed by one or more computer processors.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein obtaining said average light energy value at a unit surface area comprises the step of:

accessing an average light energy value at a unit surface area table.

60. The method of claim 57, wherein obtaining said light energy value at an incident surface comprises the step of:

accessing a light energy value at an incident surface table.

61. The method of claim 57 further comprising the step of:

providing a homogenous biological fluid mixture.

62. The method of claim 28, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

63. The method of claim 57, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

68. The method of claim 67, wherein determining said fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

69. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises the steps of:

obtaining a thickness ratio;

obtaining a light transmittance value of a known fluid film thickness; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

70. The method of claim 69, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor is performed by one or more computer processors.

71. The method of claim 69, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises the step of:

accessing a thickness ratio table.

72. The method of claim 69, wherein obtaining said irradiation period comprises the step of:

accessing a irradiation period table.

73. The method of claim 69 further comprising the step of:

providing a homogenous biological fluid mixture.

74. The method of claim 69, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

75. The method of claim 42, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises the steps of:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

calculating the thickness ratio.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein obtaining said uniform film thickness comprises the step of:

accessing a uniform thickness table.

77. The method of claim 75, wherein obtaining said non-target thickness comprises the step of:

accessing a non-target thickness table.

78. The method of claim 75, wherein said non-targets comprise red blood cells.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio is performed by one or more computer processors.

80. The method of claim 69, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

81. The method of claim 80, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

83. The method of claim 82, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

85. The method of claim 84, wherein determining the desired amount of said ultraviolet light energy is performed by one or more computer processors.

86. A computer system for determining a fluid light energy value for delivery to a biological fluid comprising targets and non-target material, wherein an effective amount of light energy is desired to be delivered to said targets and wherein said non-target material attenuates said light energy destined for said targets, comprising:

a computer processor;

a memory which is operatively coupled to the computer processor; and

a computer process stored in said memory which executes in the computer processor and which includes;

an obtainer configured to obtain said target'"'"'s effective light energy value;

an obtainer configured to obtain said fluid'"'"'s average light energy factor; and

a calculator configured to calculate said fluid'"'"'s light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid.

87. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

88. The computer system of claim 87, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the average light energy factor comprises the steps of:

an obtainer configured to obtain a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

an obtainer configured to obtain a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

a calculator configured to calculate the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

89. The computer system of claim 88, wherein theoretical stacking of said red-blood cells does not occur.

90. The computer system of claim 88, wherein said biological fluid comprises up to about twenty percent said red blood cells.

91. The computer system of claim 88 further includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain said stacking factor.

92. The computer system of claim 88, wherein said stacking factor is between 1 and 2.

93. The computer system of claim 92, wherein said stacking factor is 1.5.

94. The computer system of claim 88, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said uniform thickness includes:

an accessor configured to access a biological fluid thickness table.

95. The computer system of claim 88, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said red blood cell percentage includes:

an accessor configured to access a red blood cell percentage table.

96. The computer system of claim 88, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

97. The computer system of claim 96, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

98. The computer system of claim 97, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

99. The computer system of claim 98, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

100. The computer system of claim 99, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

101. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

102. The computer system of claim 101, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

103. The computer system of claim 102, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

104. The computer system of claim 103, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

105. The computer system of claim 104, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

106. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said calculator configured to calculate said fluid'"'"'s light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid includes:

a calculator configured to calculate an irradiation period required by a light energy source to deliver said fluid'"'"'s light energy value.

107. The computer system of claim 106, wherein said calculator configured to calculate said fluid'"'"'s light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid includes:

an obtainer to obtain a decay life value for said light energy source.

108. The computer system of claim 106, wherein said biological fluid comprises non-target material, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells, and wherein said calculator configured to calculate said fluid'"'"'s light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid includes:

an obtainer to obtain a volume of biological fluid value;

an obtainer to obtain a percent of red blood cells value; and

an obtainer to obtain a decay life value for said light energy source.

109. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said target'"'"'s effective light energy value includes:

an accessor configured to access a targets effective light energy value table.

110. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain an average light energy factor includes:

an accessor configured to access a light energy factor table.

111. The computer system of claim 110, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said average light energy value at a unit surface area includes:

an accessor configured to access an average light energy value at a unit surface area table.

112. The computer system of claim 111, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said light energy value at an incident surface includes:

an accessor configured to access a light energy value at an incident surface table.

113. The computer system of claim 112, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

114. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain an average light energy factor includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain an average light energy value at a unit surface area of the targets in the biological fluid;

an obtainer configured to obtain a light energy value at an incident surface of the biological fluid film; and

a calculator configured to calculate the average light energy factor for said biological fluid.

115. The computer system of claim 114, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

116. The computer system of claim 115, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

117. The computer system of claim 116, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

118. The computer system of claim 117, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

119. The computer system of claim 118, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

120. The computer system of claim 86, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain an average light energy factor includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain a thickness ratio;

an obtainer configured to obtain a light transmittance value of a known fluid film thickness; and

a calculator configured to calculate the average light energy factor for said biological fluid.

121. The computer system of claim 120, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the thickness ratio further includes:

an accessor configured to access a thickness ratio table.

122. The computer system of claim 120, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain an irradiation period includes:

an accessor configured to access a irradiation period table.

123. The computer system of claim 120, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells.

124. The computer system of claim 120, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

125. The computer system of claim 124, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

126. The computer system of claim 125, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

127. The computer system of claim 126, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

128. The computer system of claim 127, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

129. The computer system of claim 120, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the thickness ratio includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

an obtainer configured to obtain a thickness for said non-target; and

a calculator configured to calculate the thickness ratio.

130. The computer system of claim 129, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain uniform film thickness includes:

an accessor configured to access a uniform thickness table.

131. The computer system of claim 129, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain said non-target thickness includes:

an accessor configured to access a non-target thickness table.

132. The computer system of claim 129, wherein said non-targets comprise red blood cells.

133. The computer system of claim 87, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the average light energy factor includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain a thickness ratio;

an obtainer configured to obtain a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

a calculator configured to calculate the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

134. The computer system of claim 133, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the thickness ratio includes:

an accessor configured to access a thickness ratio table.

135. The computer system of claim 133, wherein the obtainer configured to obtain the red blood cell percentage includes:

an accessor configured to access a red blood cell percentage table.

136. The computer system of claim 133, wherein said biological fluid comprises leukocyte-rich buffy coat.

137. The computer system of claim 136, wherein said biological fluid is treated with a light energy activatable drug.

138. The computer system of claim 137, wherein said drug comprises 8-methoxypsoralen.

139. The computer system of claim 138, wherein said light energy comprises ultraviolet light energy.

140. The computer system of claim 139, wherein said ultraviolet light energy comprises ultraviolet A light energy.

141. The computer system of claim 133, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the thickness ratio includes:

an obtainer configured to obtain a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

an obtainer configured to obtain a thickness for said non-target; and

a calculator configured to calculate the thickness ratio.

142. The computer system of claim 141, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the uniform film thickness includes:

an accessor configured to access an uniform thickness ratio table.

143. The computer system of claim 141, wherein said obtainer configured to obtain the thickness for said non-target comprises the step of:

an accessor configured to access a non-target thickness table.

144. A system for determining a fluid light energy value for delivery to a biological fluid comprising targets and non-target material, wherein an effective amount of light energy is desired to be delivered to said targets and wherein said non-target material attenuates said light energy passing through said biological fluid, comprising:

means for obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value;

means for obtaining an average light energy factor for said biological fluid; and

means for calculating said fluid light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid, wherein determining the fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

145. The system of claim 144, wherein obtaining said targets'"'"' effective light energy value comprises:

means for placing said targets in fluid, wherein said targets in said fluid do not receive attenuated light energy; and

means for irradiating said fluid with sample light energy values.

146. The system of claim 144, wherein the obtaining said average light energy factor comprises:

means for obtaining the average light energy value at a unit surface area of the targets in the biological fluid;

means for obtaining the light energy value at an incident surface of the biological fluid film; and

means for calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

147. The system of claim 144, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises:

means for obtaining a thickness ratio;

means for obtaining a light transmittance value of a known fluid film thickness; and

means for calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

148. The system of claim 147, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises:

means for obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

means for obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

means for calculating the thickness ratio.

149. The system of claim 144, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells and wherein obtaining the average light energy factor comprises:

means for obtaining a thickness ratio;

means for obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

means for calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

150. The system of claim 149, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises:

means for obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

means for obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

means for calculating the thickness ratio.

151. The system of claim 144, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells and wherein obtaining the average light energy factor comprises:

means for obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

means for obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

means for calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

152. A computer readable medium containing instructions for controlling a computer system to perform a method, wherein the computer system determines a fluid light energy value for delivery to a biological fluid comprising targets and non-target material, wherein an effective amount of light energy is desired to be delivered to said targets, and wherein said non-target material attenuates said light energy passing through said biological fluid comprising:

obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value;

obtaining an average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid; and

calculating the fluid'"'"'s light energy value for delivery to said biological fluid, wherein determining the fluid light energy value is performed by one or more computer processors.

153. The computer readable medium of claim 152, wherein obtaining said target'"'"'s effective light energy value comprises:

placing said targets in fluid, wherein said targets in said fluid do not receive attenuated light energy; and

irradiating said fluid with sample light energy values.

154. The computer readable medium of claim 152, wherein the obtaining said average light energy factor comprises:

obtaining an average light energy value at a unit surface area of the targets in the biological fluid;

obtaining a light energy value at an incident surface of the biological fluid film; and

calculating the average light energy factor for the targets in the biological fluid.

155. The computer readable medium of claim 152, wherein obtaining said average light energy factor comprises:

obtaining a thickness ratio;

obtaining a light transmittance value of a known fluid film thickness; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

156. The computer readable medium of claim 155, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

calculating the thickness ratio.

157. The computer readable medium of claim 152, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells and wherein obtaining the average light energy factor comprises:

obtaining a thickness ratio;

obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.

158. The computer readable medium of claim 157, wherein obtaining said thickness ratio comprises:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a thickness for said non-target; and

calculating the thickness ratio.

159. The computer readable medium of claim 152, wherein said non-target material comprises red blood cells and wherein obtaining the average light energy factor comprises:

obtaining a uniform thickness for said biological fluid;

obtaining a red blood cell percentage for said biological fluid; and

calculating the average light energy factor for said targets in said biological fluid.