Complex bandpass modulator and method for analog-to-digital converters
First Claim
1. An analog-to-digital converter, comprising:
- real and imaginary input signals;
a real path quantizer having a real digital output signal;
an imaginary path quantizer having an imaginary digital output signal; and
a complex loop filter coupled to receive the real and imaginary input signals and to provide output signals to the real and imaginary path quantizers, said complex loop filter including a plurality of non-linear resonators connected together and acting as a linear complex operator the plurality of non-linear resonators being connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator;
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the real path quantizer; and
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the imaginary path quantizer.
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Abstract
A discrete-time strongly cross-coupled complex bandpass modulator is disclosed that achieves the full potential of bandpass delta-sigma conversion by providing a strongly cross-coupled discrete-time complex loop filter structure with very low sensitivity to mismatches and by providing a simple scheme for correcting the effects of modulator mismatches. The complex bandpass modulator includes a plurality of non-linear resonators connected together and acting as a linear complex operator. Each resonator will act as a linear complex operator when an imaginary input signal is delayed by half a sample interval and an imaginary output signal is advanced by half a sample interval. In addition, degradation effects due to modulator mismatches are eliminated by digitally adjusting the relative gain of the real and imaginary paths following the output of the analog-to-digital converter and by adjusting the relative gain of the real and imaginary input signals.
62 Citations
45 Claims
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1. An analog-to-digital converter, comprising:
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real and imaginary input signals;
a real path quantizer having a real digital output signal;
an imaginary path quantizer having an imaginary digital output signal; and
a complex loop filter coupled to receive the real and imaginary input signals and to provide output signals to the real and imaginary path quantizers, said complex loop filter including a plurality of non-linear resonators connected together and acting as a linear complex operator the plurality of non-linear resonators being connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator;
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the real path quantizer; and
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the imaginary path quantizer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A complex loop filter for an analog-to-digital converter, comprising:
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a plurality of non-linear resonators coupled to a real input signal and an imaginary input signal to provide an unquantized real output signal and an unquantized imaginary output signal;
wherein the plurality of non-linear resonators are connected together to act as a linear complex operator, the plurality of non-linear resonators being connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator;
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide the unquantized real output signal to be digitized; and
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide the unquantized imaginary output signal to be digitized. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A resonator for a modulator within an analog-to-digital converter, comprising:
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a real signal path including a first input and first output signals; and
an imaginary signal path including a second input and second output signals;
wherein said resonator acts as a linear complex operator when the second input signal is delayed by half a sample interval and the second output signal is advanced by half a sample interval; and
wherein the resonators are configured to be connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15)
wherein a and b represent coefficients from coefficient blocks within the resonator.
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15. The resonator of claim 11, wherein the resonator is a switched-capacitor implementation.
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16. An analog-to-digital converter system, comprising:
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an analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive real and imaginary input signals and to provide real and imaginary digital output signals;
variable gain circuitry coupled to the analog-to-digital converter the variable gain circuitry comprising input Rain circuitry coupled to the input of the analog-to-digital converter and output gain circuitry coupled to the output of the analog-to-digital converter, and control circuitry having control signals as an outputs, the control signals being coupled to the variable gain circuitry and acting to adjust the input gain circuitry and the output gain circuitry;
wherein the control circuitry is operable to adjust the control signals to compensate for undesired interference in the output signals from the analog-to-digital converter. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
a real path quantizer having a real digital output signal;
an imaginary path quantizer having an imaginary digital output signal; and
a complex loop filter coupled to receive the real and imaginary input signals and to provide output signals to the real and imaginary path quantizers, said complex loop filter including a plurality of non-linear resonators connected together and acting as a linear complex operator, the plurality of non-linear resonators being connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator;
wherein a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the real path quantizer; and
wherein a plurality of outputs form the non-linear resonators are combined to provide an output to the imaginary path quantizer.
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23. The analog-to-digital converter system of claim 22, further comprising an input delay block coupled to delay the imaginary input signal by half a sample interval relative to the real input signal before the imaginary input signal is received by the complex loop filter and an output advance block coupled to advance the imaginary digital output signal by half a sample interval relative to the real digital output signal.
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24. An analog-to-digital converter system, comprising:
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an analog-to-digital converter coupled to receive real and imaginary input signals and to provide real and imaginary digital output signals;
variable gain circuitry coupled to the analog-to-digital converter;
control circuitry having a control signal as an output the control signal being coupled to the variable gain circuitry; and
input selection circuitry coupled to provide the real and imaginary input signals to the analog-to-digital converter, the input selection circuitry receiving and selecting between multiple sets of signals, and wherein the control circuitry has a selection control signal that is coupled to the input selection circuitry to determine which of the multiple sets of signals are selected by the input selection circuitry;
wherein the control circuitry is operable to adjust the control signal to compensate for undesired interference in the output signals from the analog-to-digital converter. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A method for modulating real and imaginary input signals within an analog-to-digital converter, comprising:
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connecting together a plurality of non-linear resonators to act as a linear complex operator for a complex bandpass loop filter for an analog-to-digital converter;
the plurality of non-linear resonators being connected in series so that the output of a previous resonator is coupled to the input of the next resonator;
utilizing a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators to provide an output to a real path quantizer and a plurality of outputs from the non-linear resonators to provide an output to an imaginary path quantizer; and
filtering real and imaginary input signals with the complex bandpass loop filter. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37)
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38. A method for modulating real and imaginary input signals within an analog-to-digital converter system, comprising:
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receiving a real input signal and an imaginary input signal during a normal mode of operation;
receiving a zero level real input signal and a zero level imaginary input signal during an interference compensation mode of operation;
converting the input signals into a real digital output signal and an imaginary digital output signal with an analog-to-digital converter in both the normal and compensation modes of operation;
selecting to receive the real and imaginary input signals when in the normal mode of operation and the zero level real and imaginary input signals when in the interference compensation mode of operation; and
during the compensation mode of operation, adjusting the gain of the imaginary digital output signal to compensate for undesired interference in the output signals from the analog-to-digital converter. - View Dependent Claims (39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. A method for modulating real and imaginary input signals within an analog-to-digital converter system, comprising:
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receiving a real input signal and an imaginary input signal during a normal mode of operation;
receiving a real input image signal and an imaginary input image signal during a compensation mode of operation;
converting the input signals into a real digital output signal and an imaginary digital output signal with an analog-to-digital converter in both the normal and compensation modes of operation;
selecting to receive the real and imaginary input signals when in the normal mode of operation and the real and imaginary input image signals when in the interference compensation mode of operation; and
during the compensation mode of operation, adjusting the gain of the imaginary input signal to compensate for undesired interference in the output signals from the analog-to-digital converter. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45)
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Specification