Method and apparatus for demodulating signals in a pulse oximetry system

• US 6,229,856 B1
• Filed: 04/10/1998
• Issued: 05/08/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 04/14/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Masimo Corporation
• Original Assignee: Masimo Corporation
• Inventors: Weber, Walter M., Al-Ali, Ammar, Diab, Mohamed K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): FAN, CHIEH M
• Application Number:
  US09/058,799
• Time in Patent Office: 1,124 Days
• Field of Search: 375/206, 375/208, 375/267, 375/316, 375/324, 375/340, 375/346, 375/348, 375/347, 600/323, 600/336
• US Class Current: 375/316
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0242 adapted to measure environmental factors, e.g. temperature, pollution
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0238 Optical sensor arrangements for performing transmission measurements on body tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7217 of noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus, e.g. from a pacemaker
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7232 involving compression of the physiological signal, e.g. to extend the signal recording period
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 14/08 Time-division multiplex systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/10 Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels

Abstract

A method and an apparatus measure blood oxygenation in a subject. A first signal source applies a first input signal during a first time interval. A second signal source applies a second input signal during a second time interval. A detector detects a first parametric signal responsive to the first input signal passing through a portion of the subject having blood therein. The detector also detects a second parametric signal responsive to the second input signal passing through the portion of the subject. The detector generates a detector output signal responsive to the first and second parametric signals. A signal processor receives the detector output signal and demodulates the detector output signal by applying a first demodulation signal to a signal responsive to the detector output signal to generate a first output signal responsive to the first parametric signal. The signal processor applies a second demodulation signal to the signal responsive to the detector output signal to generate a second output signal responsive to the second parametric signal. The first demodulation signal and the second demodulation signal both include at least a first component having a first frequency and a first amplitude and a second component having a second frequency and a second amplitude. The second frequency is a harmonic of the first frequency. The second amplitude is related to the first amplitude to minimize crosstalk from the first parametric signal to the second output signal and to minimize crosstalk from the second parametric signal to the first output signal.

Claims

1. A method of demodulating a composite signal generated by applying a plurality of periodic pulse trains of electromagnetic energy to a system having a parameter to be measured and by receiving signals responsive to said electromagnetic energy after having passed through said system and being affected by said parameter being measured, said signals receiving as a composite signal having components responsive to said plurality of periodic pulse trains, each of said components corresponding to one each of said pulse trains, said method comprising the steps of:

sampling said composite signal using an analog to digital converter to produce a sequence of digital values;

decimating said sequence of digital values to produce a decimated sequence of values;

providing said decimated sequence of values to a first input of each multiplier in a plurality of multipliers;

providing a plurality of sequences of demodulation coefficients to a second input of each of said multipliers such that each multiplier is provided a unique sequence of demodulation coefficients, each of said sequences configured to demodulate a selected frequency portion of said composite signal; and

lowpass filtering the output of each of said multipliers such that the output signal of each of said lowpass filters approximately corresponds to one each of said components.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences comprises a sampled data representation of a demodulation signal comprising a selected set of harmonics.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences comprises a sampled data representation of an analog demodulation signal comprising a selected number of harmonics.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said sampled data representation is generated by a software algorithm.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences corresponds to a demodulation signal comprising a selected set of low-order harmonics.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein said low-order harmonics are selected to avoid demodulating harmonics of said composite signal that are contaminated by noise.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences is a time-shifted replica of a defined sequence.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences describes a plurality of selected harmonics of said composite signal.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein each of said sequences describes a plurality of low-order harmonics of said composite signal.

10. An apparatus for demodulating a multi-channel composite signal comprising:

a sequence generator for generating a band-limited demodulation sequence, said demodulation sequence comprising a plurality of harmonics of a carrier frequency to demodulate a composite signal modulated by said carrier; and

a demodulator having a first input for receiving said demodulation sequence, a second input for receiving said composite signal, and an output to provide a demodulated signal.

11. An apparatus for demodulating a multi-channel composite signal comprising:

a sequence generator for generating a demodulation sequence, said demodulation sequence comprising a plurality of harmonics of a composite signal to demodulate said harmonics of said composite signal;

demodulator means for demodulating said composite signal, by using said demodulation sequence, to produce a demodulated signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein said demodulation sequence is configured to avoid demodulating undesired frequency components of said composite signal.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising means for filtering and decimating said demodulated signal.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising means for adaptively filtering and decimating said demodulated signal.