Devices and processing in a mobile radio communication network having calibration terminals

• US 6,230,018 B1
• Filed: 05/14/1998
• Issued: 05/08/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 05/14/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Watters, J. Michael, Strawczynski, Leo, Steer, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Legree, Tracy
• Assistant Examiner(s): CRAVER, CHARLES R
• Application Number:
  US09/078,500
• Time in Patent Office: 1,090 Days
• Field of Search: 455/456, 455/562, 455/506, 455/457, 455/560, 379/211, 372/357, 372/385-417, 340/988-994, 370/315
• US Class Current: 455/456.3
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/022 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2205/008 using a mobile telephone network
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/021 Calibration, monitoring or correction G01S5/0252 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0244 Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/10 Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements , e.g. omega or decca systemsG01S5/12 takes precedence ; beacons and receivers cooperating therewith G01S1/306, G01S1/308
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

In a mobile communication network, the accuracy of location determinations for mobiles based on TDOA measurements made by the mobiles is increased by measuring the TDOA of signals from base station pairs at a known location and generating correction factors for compensating timing and propagation errors in TDOA measurements made by the mobiles. Calibration terminals may be provided for measuring TDOAs at known locations. System processes and elements for applying data generated by calibration terminals are disclosed.

Claims

1. A process in a mobile communication network, comprising:

determining an expected time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location for signals of at least three base station pairs of the network;

determining a measured TDOA for each of said base station pairs at said known location;

determining an average measured TDOA for each of the base station pairs at said known location for a period of time;

determining a correction factor for each base station pair constituting the difference between the expected and average measured TDOAs;

determining a measured TDOA at a location of a mobile for each of said base station pairs;

for each of said base station pairs, if a TDOA at the location of the mobile differs from a corresponding TDOA at the known location by less than a predetermined amount, applying a corresponding correction factor to said measured TDOA to yield a corrected TDOA; and

determining a location using said corrected TDOAs.

2. A mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining an expected time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location for signals of at least three base station pairs of the network;

means for determining a measured TDOA for each of said base station pairs at said known location;

means for determining an average measured TDOA for each of the base station pairs at said known location for a period of time;

means for determining a correction factor for each base station pair constituting the difference between the expected and average measured TDOAs;

means for determining a measured TDOA at a location of a mobile for each of said base station pairs;

means for individually applying a corresponding correction factor to each measured TDOA to yield a corrected TDOA if a corresponding TDOA at the location of the mobile differs from a corresponding TDOA at the known location by less than a predetermined amount; and

means for determining a location using said corrected TDOAs.

3. A process in a mobile communication network for synchronizing a base station and a reference base station, comprising:

determining a measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from a base station with respect to a signal from a reference base station;

determining an expected TDOA for the base station with respect to the reference base station;

determining a difference between the measured and expected TDOAs; and

adjusting the timing of the base station by the amount of the difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

4. A mobile communication network for providing synchronization of a base station and a reference base station, comprising:

means for determining a measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from a base station with respect to a signal from a reference base station;

means for determining an expected TDOA for the base station with respect to the reference base station;

means for determining a difference between the measured and expected TDOAs; and

means for adjusting the timing of the base station by the amount of the difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

5. A process in a mobile communication network for synchronizing a base station and a reference base station, comprising:

determining an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from a base station with respect to a signal from a reference base station;

determining an expected TDOA for the base station with respect to the reference base station;

determining a difference between the measured and expected TDOAs; and

adjusting the timing of the base station by the amount of the difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

6. A mobile communication network for providing synchronization of a base station and a reference base station, comprising:

means for determining an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from a base station with respect to a signal from a reference base station;

means for determining an expected TDOA for the base station with respect to the reference base station;

means for determining a difference between the measured and expected TDOAs; and

means for adjusting the timing of the base station by the amount of the difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

7. A process in a mobile of a mobile communication network, comprising:

measuring a time difference of arrival (TDOA) at the mobile for at least three base station pairs of the network;

receiving, from another element of the network, a correction factor associated with each of said base station pairs;

applying said correction factors to corresponding TDOA measurements to yield corrected TDOA measurements; and

determining a location from said corrected TDOA measurements.

8. The process claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving correction factors comprises receiving correction factor broadcasts from one or more base stations associating correction factors with base station pairs.

9. The process claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving correction factors comprises querying a location server maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

10. The process claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving correction factors comprises querying at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

11. The process claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving correction factors comprises receiving correction factor reports from at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

12. The process claimed in claim 7, wherein receiving said correction factors comprises:

receiving, from another element of the network, calibration TDOA measurements for said base station pairs made at known locations;

determining expected TDOA measurements for said base station pairs at said known locations; and

determining differences between said calibration TDOA measurements and expected TDOA measurements at said known locations for said base station pairs.

13. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises querying a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

14. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises querying a location server maintaining a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

15. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises querying calibration terminals maintaining a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

16. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises receiving calibration TDOAs reported from calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

17. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein determining expected TDOA values comprises querying a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs and known locations.

18. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein determining expected TDOA measurements comprises querying a location server maintaining a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs and known locations.

19. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein determining expected TDOA measurements comprises querying calibration terminals maintaining a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

20. The process claimed in claim 12, wherein determining calibration TDOA measurements comprises receiving calibration TDOA broadcasts from calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

21. A mobile of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for measuring a time difference of arrival (TDOA) at the mobile for at least three base station pairs of the network;

means for receiving, from another element of the network, a correction factor associated with each of said base station pairs;

means for applying said correction factors to corresponding TDOA measurements to yield corrected TDOA measurements; and

means for determining a location from said TDOA measurements.

22. The mobile claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for receiving correction factor broadcasts from one or more base stations associating correction factors with base station pairs.

23. The mobile claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for querying a location server maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

24. The mobile claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for querying at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

25. The mobile claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for receiving correction factors reported from calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

26. The mobile claimed in claim 21, wherein said means for receiving said correction factors comprises:

means for receiving, from another element of the network, calibration TDOA measurements for said base station pairs made at known locations; and

means for determining differences between said calibration TDOA measurements and expected TDOA measurements at said known locations for said base station pairs.

27. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

28. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises means for querying a location server maintaining a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

29. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises means for querying calibration terminals maintaining a database associating calibration TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

30. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements reported from calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

31. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for determining expected TDOA values comprises a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs and known locations.

32. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for determining expected TDOA measurements comprises means for querying a location server maintaining a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs and known locations.

33. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for determining expected TDOA measurements comprises means for querying calibration terminals maintaining a database associating expected TDOA measurements with base station pairs.

34. The mobile claimed in claim 26, wherein said means for determining calibration TDOA measurements comprises means for receiving calibration TDOA broadcasts from calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

35. A process in an element of a mobile communication network, comprising:

determining time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements at the location of a mobile of the network for at least three base station pairs of the network;

receiving, from another element of the network, correction factors corresponding to each of said at least two base station pairs;

applying correction factors to corresponding TDOA measurements to yield corrected TDOA measurements; and

determining a location of the mobile from said corrected TDOA measurements.

36. The process claimed in claim 35, wherein determining TDOA measurements comprises receiving TDOA measurements made by a mobile.

37. The process claimed in claim 35, wherein receiving correction factors comprises receiving correction factor broadcasts from one or more base stations maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

38. The process claimed in claim 35, wherein receiving correction factors comprises querying at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

39. The process claimed in claim 35, wherein receiving correction factors comprises:

receiving, from another element of the network, calibration TDOA measurements for said base station pairs made at known locations; and

determining differences between said calibration TDOA measurements and expected TDOA measurements at said known locations for said base station pairs.

40. The process claimed in claim 39, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises querying a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

41. The process claimed in claim 39, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises:

determining an uncorrected location of said mobile using said TDOA measurements; and

querying a database associating correction factors with base station pairs and geographic locations.

42. The process claimed in claim 39, wherein receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises querying at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

43. An element of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements at the location of a mobile of the network for at least three base station pairs of the network;

means for receiving, from another element of the network, correction factors corresponding to each of said at least two base station pairs;

means for applying correction factors to corresponding TDOA measurements to yield corrected TDOA measurements;

means for determining a location of the mobile from said corrected TDOA measurements; and

means for providing the determined location to a service provider specified by the mobile.

44. The element claimed in claim 43, wherein said means for determining TDOA measurements comprises means for receiving TDOA measurements made by a mobile.

45. The element claimed in claim 43, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for receiving correction factor broadcasts from one or more base stations maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

46. The element claimed in claim 43, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises means for querying calibration terminals maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

47. The element claimed in claim 43, wherein said means for receiving correction factors comprises:

means for receiving, from another element of the network, calibration TDOA measurements for said base station pairs made at known locations; and

means for determining differences between said calibration TDOA measurements and expected TDOA measurements at said known locations for said base station pairs.

48. The element claimed in claim 47, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

49. The element claimed in claim 47, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises:

means for determining an uncorrected location of said mobile using said TDOA measurements; and

means for querying a database associating correction factors with base station pairs and geographic locations.

50. The element claimed in claim 47, wherein said means for receiving calibration TDOA measurements comprises means for querying at least one calibration terminal maintaining a database associating correction factors with base station pairs.

51. A calibration terminal of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining a time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement for signals of a base station pair of the network;

means for determining an expected TDOA of said signals at the location of the calibration terminal;

means for determining a correction factor for the base station pair constituting a difference between the TDOA measurement and the expected TDOA measurement; and

means for periodically reporting said correction factor and identification of said base station pair.

52. A calibration terminal of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining a time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurement for signals of a base station pair of the network;

means for determining an expected TDOA of said signals at the location of the calibration terminal;

means for determining a correction factor for the base station pair constituting a difference between the TDOA measurement and the expected TDOA measurement;

means for receiving a query comprising an identification of said base station pair; and

means for providing said correction factor in response to said query.

53. A calibration terminal of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) for signals of a base station Pair of the network;

means for determining an expected TDOA of said signals at the location of the calibration terminal;

means for determining a fixed error correction factor constituting a difference between the average of TDOA measurements and the expected TDOA measurement; and

means for periodically reporting said correction factor and identification of said base station pair.

54. A calibration terminal of a mobile communication network, comprising:

means for determining an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) for signals of a base station pair of the network;

means for determining an expected TDOA of said signals at the location of the calibration terminal;

means for determining a fixed error correction factor constituting a difference between the average of TDOA measurements and the expected TDOA measurement;

means for receiving a query comprising an identification of said base station pair; and

means for providing said fixed error and variable error correction factors in response to said query.

55. A process in a base station of a communication network, comprising:

providing a query to a calibration terminal of said network comprising identification of said base station and a reference base station;

receiving a difference of a time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from the reference base station and an expected TDOA at said known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from said reference base station; and

adjusting timing of said signal of said base station by an amount of said difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

56. A base station of a communication network, comprising:

means for providing a query to a calibration terminal of said network comprising identification of said base station and a reference base station;

means for receiving a difference of a time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from the reference base station and an expected TDOA at said known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from said reference base station; and

means for adjusting timing of said signal of said base station by an amount of said difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

57. A process in a base station of a communication network, comprising:

determining a difference of an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from a reference base station and an expected TDOA at said known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from said reference base station; and

adjusting timing of said signal of said base station by an amount of said difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

58. The process claimed in claim 57, wherein determining a difference comprises:

providing a query to a network element maintaining a database associating base stations pairs and average TDOAs; and

receiving said average.

59. A base station of a communication network, comprising:

means for determining a difference of an average measured time difference of arrival (TDOA) at a known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from a reference base station and an expected TDOA at said known location of a signal from said base station relative to a signal from said reference base station; and

means for adjusting timing of said signal of said base station by an amount of said difference to align a PN offset of the base station with a PN offset of the reference base station.

60. The base station claimed in claim 59, wherein said means for determining a difference comprises:

means for determining a network element maintaining a database associating said base station pairs and average TDOAs over a period of time;

means for providing a query to a determined network element comprising identification of said base station and said reference base station; and

means for receiving said average.

61. A process in a base station of a communication network, comprising:

providing a query to a calibration terminal of said network comprising identification of said base station and a reference base station;

receiving from the calibration terminal a correction factor for time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements for said base station and said reference base station;

storing said correction factor; and

periodically broadcasting said correction factor in conjunction with identification of said base station and said reference base station.

62. A base station of a communication network, comprising:

means for providing a query to a calibration terminal of said network comprising identification of said base station and a reference base station;

means for receiving from said calibration terminal a correction factor for time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements for said base station and said reference base station;

means for storing said correction factor; and

means for periodically broadcasting said correction factor in conjunction with identification of said base station and said reference base station.