Infrared chopper using binary diffractive optics

• US 6,232,044 B1
• Filed: 11/30/1993
• Issued: 05/15/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: L-3 Communications Corporation (L3Harris Technologies, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Gibbons, Robert C., Baber, S. Charles, McKenney, Samuel R., Chang, Richard R., Bell, Michael C.
• Primary Examiner(s): ANGEBRANNDT, MARTIN J
• Application Number:
  US08/159,879
• Time in Patent Office: 2,723 Days
• Field of Search: 430/321, 430/323, 359/209, 359/210, 359/226, 359/355, 359/565, 359/569, 359/599, 250/331, 250/347, 264/1.1, 264/1.32, 264/1.34, 264/1.9
• US Class Current: 430/321
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 26/04 by periodically varying the intensity of light, e.g. using choppers shutters, diaphragms for cameras G03B9/00; devices for eliminating or reducing the effect of flicker in projection systems G03B21/40

Abstract

A chopper and method of making same, the chopper being fabricated by initially generating a photomask in conjunction with software. The software provides the lens design to be finally stamped onto the chopper element. A silicon wafer is then etched by reactive ion etching using the photomask to provide the pattern and resulting in a silicon wafer master of the chopper pattern with regions in the shape oflenslets to be formed of desired dimension. The chopper pattern on the silicon wafer is then replicated with a hard material which can be easily stripped from the silicon wafer without damaging either the wafer or the hard material, preferably deposited nickel. The separated nickel replication is then used in conjunction with a heavy press to stamp out sheets of an infrared transmissive flexible film, preferably polyethylene, with the lens pattern in the replication The film with the lens pattern thereon is the chopper element.

The system is designed to operate in the 8 to 13.5 micron range. While the software is designed for an individual lens, each lens is preferably in the shape of a hexagon with a plurality of such hexagons positioned on the film in a predetermined pattern, preferably that of an involute or spiral. The chopper is designed for rotation about its central axis.

Claims

1. A method of making a chopper comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an etchable base member;

(b) forming a mask on said base member for providing a predetermined diffractive lens pattern on said base member;

(c) etching said base member through said mask to form said diffractive lens pattern on said base member;

(d) replicating said diffractive lens pattern onto a rigid material depositable on said base member and removable from said base member with substantially no damage to said diffractive lens pattern replicated on said rigid material or to said base member; and

(e) stamping the diffractive lens pattern replicated on said rigid material onto an infrared transmissive deformable sheet capable of retaining the diffractive lens pattern pressed thereinto to provide said chopper.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said infrared transmissive sheet is polyethylene.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein said base member is silicon.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said rigid material is nickel.

5. The method of claim 2 wherein said rigid material is nickel.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein said base member is silicon.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said rigid material is nickel.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said rigid material is nickel.

9. A chopper which comprises:

(a) an infrared transmissive deformable film capable of containing a plurality of diffractive lens patterns pressed thereinto; and

(b) a plurality of diffractive lenses disposed in said film in a predetermined pattern, all of said diffractive lenses disposed at least in part within a predetermined geometrical shape to provide said chopper.

10. The chopper of claim 9 wherein said film is a polymeric material.

11. The chopper of claim 10 wherein said lenses are hexagonal.

12. The chopper of claim 11 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.

13. The chopper of claim 10 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.

14. The chopper of claim 9 wherein said film is polyethylene.

15. The chopper of claim 14 wherein said lenses are hexagonal.

16. The chopper of claim 15 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.

17. The chopper of claim 14 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.

18. The chopper of claim 9 wherein said lenses are hexagonal.

19. The chopper of claim 18 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.

20. The chopper of claim 9 wherein said geometrical shape is an involute.