Dc/ac inverter apparatus for three-phase and single-phase motors

• US 6,232,742 B1
• Filed: 08/02/1994
• Issued: 05/15/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 08/02/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Webasto Charging Systems, Inc. (Webasto Beteiligungs Verwaltung Gbr)
• Original Assignee: Aerovironment
• Inventors: Wacknov, Joel B., Rippel, Wally E.
• Primary Examiner(s): MARTIN, DAVID S
• Application Number:
  US08/284,160
• Time in Patent Office: 2,478 Days
• Field of Search: 318/798-815, 318/774-6, 318/772-785, 318/794
• US Class Current: 318/811
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1563 without using an external clock H02M3/158 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

Electrical power apparatus is disclosed for selectively powering either a three-phase ac motor or a single-phase ac motor. A dc/ac inverter is configured to provide appropriately phased input signals to the three input terminals of whichever motor is being driven, with no substantial hardware reconfiguration being required. In addition, a special clamp circuit prevents an excessively high voltage from being applied to the inverter by a variable-voltage power source such as a photovoltaic array, whereby the inverter need not be sized to accommodate voltage levels substantially greater than its design voltage.

Claims

1. Power inverter apparatus for selectively driving either a three-wire, three-phase ac motor or a three-wire, single-phase ac motor, comprising:

an input terminal for receiving a predetermined dc voltage relative to a reference;

first, second and third pairs of electrical switches, each pair including first and second series connected switches connected between the input terminal and the reference, with the nodes between the first and second switches of the switch pairs forming first, second and third output terminals;

wherein the first, second and third output terminals are connectable to the input terminals of either a three-phase ac motor, having three input terminals and three windings, or a single-phase ac motor, having three input terminals and two windings; and

a controller for controllably switching ON and OFF the switches of the first, second and third pairs of switches according to a sequence that provides high-speed pulse-width modulation, such that the apparatus is conditioned to drive either the three-phase motor or the single-phase motor.

2. Power inverter apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein:

the apparatus drives the connected motor at a variable speed;

controller alternately switches ON the first switch and the second switch in each of the first, second and third pairs of switches, according to a predetermined duty cycle that varies sinusoidally between 0 and 100 percent at a common frequency proportional to the speed at which the connected motor is being driven;

the controller selects the relative phase angles of the sinusoidally varying duty cycles of the switching by the controller of the first, second and third pairs of switches according to whether a three-phase motor or a single-phase motor is connected to the output terminals.

3. Power inverter apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the single-phase ac motor includes:

a main winding for driving the motor; and

a supplemental winding for starting the motor, the supplemental winding having about the same inductance as the main winding, but having a higher resistance than the main winding.

4. Power inverter apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the controller includes a pulse-width modulator having first, second, and third phase-input terminals, the pulse-width modulator providing signals for switching ON and OFF the switches of the first, second, and third pairs of switches based on first, second and third phase voltages received at the first, second and third phase input terminals, respectively, wherein, for driving a three-phase motor, the voltage phase between the first and second phase voltages is +120 degrees and the voltage phase between the first and third phase voltages is −

120 degrees and, for driving a single-phase motor, the voltage phase between the first and second phase voltages is −

90 degrees and the voltage phase between the first and third phase voltages is +90 degrees.

5. Power inverter apparatus as defined in claim 4, wherein the controller further includes:

a motor-type selection switch; and

an inverting amplifier having

an output terminal coupled to the third phase-input terminal of the pulse-width modulator,

a summing node,

a first resistor connected between the first phase input terminal and the amplifier'"'"'s summing node, and

a second resistor, connected in series with the motor-type selection switch, between the second voltage input terminal and the amplifier'"'"'s summing node;

wherein, for driving a three-phase motor, the switch is closed so that the inverting amplifier generates the third phase voltage based on a combination of the first and second phase voltages; and

wherein, for driving a single phase motor, the switch is open so that the inverting amplifier generates the third phase voltage based on the first phase voltage.