Enhanced detection of vibration

• US 6,234,021 B1
• Filed: 02/02/1999
• Issued: 05/22/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Computational Systems Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: CSI Technology Incorporated (Emerson Electric Company)
• Inventors: Vanvoorhis, James Brent, Robinson, James C., Johnson, William S., Piety, Kenneth R.
• Primary Examiner(s): Larkin, Daniel S.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MILLER, ROSE MARY
• Application Number:
  US09/243,324
• Time in Patent Office: 840 Days
• Field of Search: 736/61, 736/60, 736/59, 736/58, 736/49, 735/93, 735/92, 735/87
• US Class Current: 73/592
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 1/00 Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector G01H9/00, G01H11/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 3/00 Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid G01H7/00, G01H9/00, G01H11/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01H 3/10 Amplitude; Power
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/015 Attenuation, scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/02872 Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/2698 Other discrete objects, e.g. bricks
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/14 using acoustic emission techniques echo of particles G01N29/046; measuring mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in solids in general G01H1/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/348 with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals measuring frequency of mechanical vibrations or acoustic waves in general G01H1/06, G01H3/04; measuring frequency or analysing frequency spectra G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/42 by frequency filtering or by tuning to resonant frequency
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/001 Acoustic presence detection
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/24 for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wires

Abstract

A device detects an emission source of a vibration signal against a background of noise, where the vibration signal is produced by a mechanical system and has one or more frequency components. A sensor senses the vibration signal and produces a sensor signal corresponding to the vibration signal. The sensor has a mechanical frequency selection structure for mechanically resonating at desired frequencies and for mechanically attenuating a frequency component of the vibration signal having a frequency outside the desired frequencies. The mechanical frequency selection structure thus produces a mechanically-tuned sensor signal. Electrical frequency selection filters electrically attenuate a frequency component of the mechanically-tuned sensor signal having a frequency outside the desired frequencies. The electrical frequency selection filters thus produce an electrically-tuned sensor signal. The device has at least one amplifier with gain for producing an amplified signal corresponding to the electrically-tuned sensor signal. An amplitude characteristic determination circuit determines an amplitude characteristic corresponding to the vibration signal'"'"'s amplitude. The amplitude characteristic determination circuit also generates an amplitude indication based on the amplitude characteristic. The amplitude indication and adjusts the gain of the amplifier based at least in part on the amplitude indication.

Claims

1. A device for detecting an emission source of an ultrasonic signal against a background of noise, and for producing an audio signal based upon the ultrasonic signal, where the detecting of the emission source is based at least in part on audibility of the audio signal, and where the ultrasonic signal is a dynamic pressure or vibration signal and has one or more frequency components, the device comprising:

an ultrasonic sensor for sensing the ultrasonic signal during a predetermined sampling period and producing a sensor signal corresponding to the ultrasonic signal;

amplitude characteristic determination means for determining an amplitude characteristic corresponding to the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal during the predetermined sampling period, and for generating an amplitude indication based on the amplitude characteristic;

a signal-conditioning system for receiving the sensor signal and for generating the audio signal based on the sensor signal, the signal-conditioning system including at least one amplifier having adjustable gain for causing the audio signal to have an increased amplitude relative to the sensor signal, said amplifier being capable of producing a predetermined maximum voltage; and

automatic gain adjustment means for receiving the amplitude indication and adjusting the gain of the at least one amplifier based at least in part on the amplitude indication and on a predetermined percentage of the maximum voltage of said at least one amplifier to avoid clipping transient signals having increased voltage amplitude relative to said amplitude indication to thereby enhance the audibility of the audio signal.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the amplitude characteristic determination means are further operable to generate the amplitude indication based on a peak amplitude characteristic corresponding to the ultrasonic signal'"'"'s maximum amplitude during the predetermined sampling period when the device is operating in a mechanical fault detection mode, and to generate the amplitude indication based on an average amplitude characteristic corresponding to the ultrasonic signal'"'"'s average amplitude during the predetermined sampling period when the device is operating in a leak detection mode.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the amplitude characteristic determination means further comprise:

an envelope detector for generating an envelope waveform signal corresponding to the sensor signal; and

sampling means for determining discrete data points on the envelope waveform signal, each discrete data point representing an amplitude level of the envelope waveform at a particular time during the sampling period.

4. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

the signal-conditioning system including an ultrasonic amplifier for generating an amplified ultrasonic signal based on the sensor signal, and an audio amplifier for generating an amplified audio signal based on the amplified ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic amplifier having adjustable ultrasonic gain, and the audio amplifier having adjustable audio gain; and

the automatic gain adjustment means for adjusting the gain of at least one of the amplifiers based at least in part on the amplitude indication.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic sensor further comprises frequency selection means for attenuating a frequency component of the ultrasonic signal having a frequency outside a desired frequency range.

6. The device of claim 1 further comprising electrical frequency selection means including:

frequency switching means for enabling a user of the device to choose one of a plurality of selected frequency components, and for producing a frequency selection indication based upon the selected frequency component; and

filter means comprising;

a plurality of filters corresponding to the plurality of selected frequency components, each filter being tuned to one of the selected frequency components and being operable to receive the sensor signal and to electrically attenuate frequencies other than one of the selected frequency components to which the filter is tuned; and

filter selection means for receiving the frequency selection indication and selecting one of the filters based on the frequency selection indication.

7. The device of claim 1 further comprising:

a trigger for initiating the predetermined sampling period and for activating the amplitude characteristic determination means to begin sampling the amplitude of the sensor signal; and

the amplitude characteristic determination means further for sampling the amplitude of the sensor signal and for generating the amplitude indication based on samples of the amplitude of the sensor signal taken during the predetermined sampling period.

8. A device for sensing a vibration signal against a background of noise, where the vibration signal is produced by a mechanical system and has one or more frequency components, and for producing a sensor signal based on the vibration signal, the device comprising:

a resonant metal rod of a predetermined length related to the resonant frequency, the resonant metal rod for contacting the mechanical system and for vibrating at a resonant frequency within a desired frequency range when the vibration signal has a frequency component within the desired frequency range and when the resonant metal rod is in contact with the mechanical system;

a transducer in contact with the resonant metal rod for producing the sensor signal corresponding to the resonant frequency at which the resonant metal rod is vibrating; and

a magnetic annular disc attached to the resonant metal rod adjacent one end thereof, the magnetic annular disc having at the center thereof a circular aperture through which the end of the resonant metal rod penetrates, the magnetic annular disc for contacting the mechanical system and holding the end of the resonant metal rod in contact with the mechanical system by the attractive force of the magnetic annular disc.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the resonator vibrates at a resonant frequency within the audio frequency range and at a resonant frequency within the ultrasonic frequency range.

10. The device of claim 8 further comprising the resonator for vibrating at a resonant frequency of 4 kHz, 28 kHz, and 40 kHz.

11. The device of claim 8 further comprising:

frequency switching means for enabling a user of the device to choose one of a plurality of selected frequency components, and for producing a frequency selection indication based upon the selected frequency component; and

filter means comprising;

a plurality of filters corresponding to the plurality of selected frequency components, each filter being tuned to one of the selected frequency components and being operable to receive the sensor signal and to electrically attenuate frequencies other than one of the selected frequency components to which the filter is tuned; and

filter selection means for receiving the frequency selection indication and selecting one of the filters based on the frequency selection indication.

12. The device of claim 8 further comprising:

the resonant metal rod including a metal disc integrally joined to the rod adjacent the one end thereof; and

the magnetic annular disc rigidly attached to the metal disc.

13. A device for detecting an emission source of a dynamic signal produced by a mechanical system, where the dynamic signal is a dynamic pressure or vibration signal, the device for producing an audio signal based upon the dynamic signal, where the detecting of the emission source is based at least in part on audibility of the audio signal, the device comprising:

a sensor for sensing the dynamic signal and producing a sensor signal corresponding to the dynamic signal, the sensor signal having one or more frequency components;

electrical frequency selection means for attenuating a frequency component having a frequency outside a desired frequency range, and for passing a selected frequency component having a frequency within the desired frequency range, the electrical frequency selection means comprising;

frequency switching means for enabling a user of the device to choose the selected frequency component, and for producing a frequency selection indication based upon the selected frequency component; and

filter means comprising;

a plurality of filters, each operable to receive the sensor signal and to electrically attenuate a frequency component of the sensor signal having a frequency outside the desired frequency range to produce a filtered sensor signal; and

filter selection means for receiving the frequency selection indication and selecting one of the filters based on the frequency selection indication;

a signal-conditioning system for receiving the filtered sensor signal and for generating the audio signal based on the filtered sensor signal, the signal-conditioning system comprising;

a local oscillator producing a local oscillator signal;

a heterodyning circuit for mixing the local oscillator signal with the filtered sensor signal to produce the audio signal; and

means responsive to said frequency selection indication to set the frequency of the local oscillator signal, whereby the heterodyning circuit produces the audio signal corresponding to the selected frequency component.

14. A device for detecting an emission source of a dynamic signal produced by a mechanical system, where the dynamic signal is a dynamic pressure or vibration signal, the device for producing an audio signal based upon the dynamic signal, where the detecting of the emission source is based at least in part on audibility of the audio signal, the device comprising:

a sensor for sensing the dynamic signal and producing a sensor signal corresponding to the dynamic signal, the sensor signal having one or more frequency components;

electrical frequency selection means for attenuating a frequency component having a frequency outside a desired frequency range, and for passing a selected frequency component having a frequency within the desired frequency range, the electrical frequency selection means comprising;

frequency switching means for enabling a user of the device to choose the selected frequency component, and for producing a frequency selection indication based upon the selected frequency component; and

filter means comprising;

a plurality of filters, each operable to receive the sensor signal and to electrically attenuate a frequency component of the sensor signal having a frequency outside the desired frequency range to produce a filtered sensor signal; and

filter selection means for receiving the frequency selection indication and selecting one of the filters based on the frequency selection indication, the filter selection means comprising;

a controller for receiving the frequency selection indication and for producing a switching signal based on the frequency selection indication; and

switching means having multiple states, the switching means for receiving the switching signal and attaining one of the multiple states based on the switching signal,

whereby the state attained by the switching means determines the selection of the filter; and

a signal-conditioning system for receiving the filtered sensor signal and for generating the audio signal based on the filtered sensor signal.

15. The device of claim 14 wherein the frequency switching means are further operable to enable the user of the device to choose between selected frequency components of 4 kHz, 28 kHz, and 40 kHz.

16. The device of claim 14 wherein the frequency switching means further comprise:

a user interface for presenting a plurality of frequency component options to the user, and for producing a user input signal based upon the frequency component option selected by the user; and

a processor for receiving the user input signal and for producing the frequency selection indication based upon the user input signal.