System and method for displaying medical process diagrams

• US 6,234,963 B1
• Filed: 02/09/1998
• Issued: 05/22/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation, Hitchcock Clinic
• Original Assignee: Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation, The Trustees of Dartmounth College (Dartmouth College)
• Inventors: Blike, George T., Faithfull, Nicholas Simon, Rhoades, Glenn
• Primary Examiner(s): Nasser, Robert L.
• Application Number:
  US09/020,472
• Time in Patent Office: 1,198 Days
• Field of Search: 600/300, 600/301, 600/529, 600/532, 600/538, 600/310, 600/322, 600/323, 600/500
• US Class Current: 600/300
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0215 by means inserted into the body catheters A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/029 Measuring or recording blood output from the heart, e.g. minute volume A61B8/065 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14539 for measuring pH
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/412 Detecting or monitoring sepsis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence

Abstract

A system and method is described for determining and graphically displaying oxygenation states of a patient in real time. The system is non-invasive and can display information to a physician that is intuitive. Various display objects are described for illustrating the output of oxygenation values. The display objects reflect the in vivo physiology that they measure, thus making interpretation of the measured values very intuitive.

Claims

1. A tissue oxygen transport monitoring system, comprising:

at least one sensor for measuring physiological values of a patient;

a computer, receiving and processing the sensor information, having a display; and

an oxygen transport object, selected from the group consisting of;

a heart pump object, a vascular resistance object, a metabolism object and a red blood cell object, providing physiologic data using a multidimensional schematic of an anatomical component, wherein each axis of the component corresponds to measurements resulting from the processed sensor information and the coordinate space defined by the axes defines a meaningful physiological relationship, wherein the object is generated and displayed by a program executed by the computer.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the coordinate space defined by the axes is in the shape of a rectangle.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising object displays and analog displays, wherein the measurement indicated by the analog displays alters the coordinate space defined by the axes.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is an arterial pressure transducer.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is a manual or automatic blood gas and hematocrit input.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer comprises instructions for applying the Fick equation.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer comprises instructions for applying the Kelman equation.

8. A tissue oxygen transport monitoring system, comprising:

a non-intrusive arterial pressure transducer;

a blood gas monitor;

a computer, receiving and processing data from the transducer and the blood gas monitor, having a display; and

a plurality of multidimensional objects representing the oxygenation cycle including metaphors for the heart pump, arterial blood cell, vascular resistor and venous blood cell, each object representing a physiologic oxygen relationship derived from the received data, wherein the objects are generated and displayed by a program executed by the computer.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising analog displays, wherein the measurement indicated by the analog displays alters the shape of the metaphor.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the heart pump metaphor comprises a substantially quadrilateral area defined by the stroke vohule (SV) of a patient on one axis and the heart rate (HR) of the patient on another axis.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the sides of the substantially quadrilateral area are movable by rotation of analog gauges.

12. The system of claim 8, wherein the arterial blood cell metaphor is represented by a circle defining a substantially circular area, wherein the diameter of the circle represents the arterial oxygen content (CaO₂) and hemoglobin concentration of the arterial blood.

13. The system of claim 8, wherein the venous blood cell metaphor is represented by a first circle defining a substantially circular area, wherein the percentage of the area of the first circle is marked to reflect the venous oxygen content (VO₂) of a patient'"'"'s blood.

14. The system of claim 8, wherein the vascular resistance metaphor comprises a first substantially quadrilateral area representative of the mean perfusion pressure of a patient'"'"'s blood which represents the difference between the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP), and wherein a greater mean perfusion pressure value is reflected by a greater first area.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the vascular resistance metaphor is proportional to the area of the first quadrilateral area and is relative to a second substantially quadrilateral area representative of the cardiac output (CO) of the patient.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the vascular resistance metaphor further comprises an analog gauge indicating the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in the patient, wherein the analog gauge is controlled by the relationship of the first and second quadrilateral areas.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein both the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) can be automatically or manually inputted.

18. The system of claim 8, wherein the computer comprises instructions for applying the Fick equation.

19. The system of claim 8, wherein the computer comprises instructions for applying the Kelman equations.

20. A method for measuring the tissue oxygen state of a patient, comprising:

sensing a plurality of physiological values of a patient;

processing the sensed physiological values; and

displaying an oxygen transport object comprising displaying a heart pump object and providing physiologic data using a multidimensional schematic of an anatomical component, wherein each axis of the component corresponds to measurements resulting from the processed sensor information and the coordinate space defined by the axes defines a meaningful physiological relationship.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the method of displaying an oxygen transport object comprises displaying a vascular resistance object.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the method of displaying an oxygen transport object comprises displaying a metabolism object.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the method of displaying an oxygen transport object comprises displaying a red blood cell object.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein the coordinate space defined by the axis is in the shape of a rectangle.

25. The method of claim 20, wherein the method of displaying an oxygen transport object further comprising displaying analog displays, wherein the measurement indicated by the analog displays is altered by the coordinate space defined by the axes.

26. The method of claim 20, wherein the method of displaying an oxygen transport object further comprises displaying a value for the oxygen alveolar-arterial partial pressure oxygen gradient object.