MRI guided ablation system

• US 6,246,896 B1
• Filed: 11/24/1998
• Issued: 06/12/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 11/24/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Darrow, Robert David, Dumoulin, Charles Lucian
• Primary Examiner(s): Lateef, Marvin M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lin, Jeoyuh
• Application Number:
  US09/198,632
• Time in Patent Office: 931 Days
• Field of Search: 600/412, 600/411, 607/115, 606/134, 606/34, 128/653.2
• US Class Current: 600/411
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/1492 having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation A61B18/1477 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00084 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00351 Heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00577 Ablation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/374 NMR or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3975 active
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient

Abstract

An MRI system acquires NMR tracking data from a tracking coil imbedded in an ablation device which is guided by a physician using real time anatomic images produced from image data acquired by the MRI system. The same tracking coil is energized by an RF power source to deliver energy which ablates tissue after the device is guided into proper position.

Claims

1. An ablation system which comprises:

a) an ablation device having an operating end for guidance by an operator into a treatment position adjacent target tissues in patient;

b) a tracking coil mounted in the ablation device near said operating end, said tracking coil being operable to acquire tracking data and to deliver radio frequency current which treats the target tissues;

c) conductors mounted in the ablation device and coupled to the tracking coil, the conductors extending from the operating end toward a non-operating end of the ablation device;

d) a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system for acquiring image data from the patient being treated and being said MRI system being connected to the conductors for acquiring NMR tracking data from the tracking coil as the ablation device is guided into the treatment position, the MRl system being operable to display an image reconstructed from the acquired image data and the acquired NMR tracking data which depicts the location of the tracking coil in the patient; and

e) an ablation control having a radio frequency power source which is coupled to the tracking coil to control delivery of radio frequency current which treats the target tissues.

2. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 in which the MRI system includes a transceiver for receiving NMR signals and a switch which is operable when acquiring NMR tracking data to connect the conductors to the transceiver.

3. The ablation system as recited in claim 2 in which the switch operates to connect the radio frequency power source to the tracking coil (200) during treatment of the target tissues.

4. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 in which the radio frequency power source is inductively coupled to the tracking coil.

5. The ablation system as recited in claim 4 in which the radio frequency power source is coupled to an RF coil in the MRI system which inductively couples to the tracking coil.

6. The ablation system as recited in claim 4 in which the conductors connect to a first coil disposed at the non-operating end of the ablation device and the radio frequency power source is connected to a second coil which is inductively coupled with the first coil.

7. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 in which the MRI system provides a temperature-sensitive image used for feedback during tissue ablation.

8. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 in which the ablation device incorporates a temperature transducer used for feedback during tissue ablation.

9. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 in which the conductors are connected to the tracking coil of the ablation device and are used to propagate the radio frequency current used to treat the target tissues.

10. The ablation system as recited in claim 1 further comprising:

a) an electric field shaping tip incorporated into the ablation device; and

b) at least one dedicated conductor coupled to the electric field shaping tip and radio frequency power source operating to propagate the radio frequency current to electric field shaping tip to treat the target tissues, with of conductors operating to propagate tracking signals to tracking coil.

11. An ablation system for treating target tissues of a subject during acquisition of image data using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system, said ablation system comprising:

a) an ablation device for treating said target tissues;

b) a tracking coil mounted in said ablation device, said tracking coil being operable during imaging with said MRI system to supply tracking data indicating a location of said tracking coil to said MRI system, said MRI system acquiring image data from the subject and acquiring said tracking data from said tracking coil as said ablation device is guided into the treatment position, the MRI system being operable to display an image reconstructed from the acquired image data and to display the location of the tracking coil in the subject from the acquired tracking data; and

,

c) an ablation control coupled to said tracking coil for controlling delivery of a radio frequency current to said ablation device during treatment of said target tissues.

12. The ablation system as recited in claim 11 in which the tracking coil is mounted in an insertion end of the ablation device.

13. The ablation system as recited in claim 11 in which the MRI system provides a temperature-sensitive image.

14. The ablation system as recited in claim 11 further comprising conductors mounted in the ablation device, said conductors being coupled to said tracking coil and being used to propagate the radio frequency current used to treat the target tissues.