Clock injection system

• US 6,249,192 B1
• Filed: 05/14/1999
• Issued: 06/19/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Agere Systems Guardian Corp. (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gabara, Thaddeus John, Mujtaba, Syed Aon
• Primary Examiner(s): KINKEAD, ARNOLD M
• Application Number:
  US09/311,589
• Time in Patent Office: 767 Days
• Field of Search: 331/36.C, 331/117.R, 331/172.FE, 331/167, 341/68, 455/265, 375/376, 375/354, 327/165, 327/166
• US Class Current: 331/117.00R
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1212 the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1228 the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/1271 the frequency being controlled by a control current, i.e. current controlled oscillators
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 3/354 Astable circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/06 using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0805 the loop being adapted to provide an additional control signal for use outside the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/24 using a reference signal directly applied to the generator
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/027 extracting the synchronising or clock signal from the received signal spectrum, e.g. by using a resonant or bandpass circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/033 using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means, e.g. using a phase-locked loop

Abstract

A tuning signal is injected into an LC tank circuit oscillator, e.g., through an impedance (either reactive, inductive, capacitive and/or resistive) to tune the phase and/or frequency of the LC tank circuit oscillator. A negative resistance is included in parallel with the LC tank circuit oscillator to compensate for losses in the LC tank circuit, and a bias signal is provided to power the operation of the LC tank circuit. The tuning signal may be, e.g., an AC signal or a data signal. The tuning signal is injected into the LC tank circuit using capacitors, resistors, FET or bipolar transistors, and/or inductors. Multiple LC tank circuit oscillators may be used to provide stable multiplied or divided frequencies. In this case, the output of one LC tank circuit oscillator may be used to tune another LC tank circuit oscillator. In another embodiment, the nominal frequency of the LC tank circuit oscillator may be adjusted using a varactor or other voltage-controlled element in the LC tank circuit oscillator under the control of, e.g., the output of a separate PLL loop including another LC tank circuit oscillator. In one application, the injection tuned LC tank circuit forms a clock recovery cell using a clock signal embedded in a NRZ (Non Return to Zero) pseudo-random data stream. The slave oscillator in turn generates a recovered clock signal. Differential clock recovery can be performed with as little as four active devices.

Claims

1. A clock injection system, comprising:

a clocked logic element;

a parasitic impedance between an input to said clocked logic element and an output data signal from said clocked logic element; and

an impedance between a clock signal and said output data signal, said impedance being adapted to vary an energy of said clock signal embedded in said output data signal based on said parasitic impedance.

2. The clock injection system according to claim 1, wherein:

said energy of said clock is increased by said impedance.

3. The clock injection system according to claim 1, wherein:

said clock signal is input to said clocked logic element.

4. The clock injection system according to claim 1, wherein:

said clocked logic element includes a flip-flop.

5. The clock injection system according to claim 1, wherein:

said impedance is a capacitor.

6. A method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

embedding a clock signal into a data signal by directly injecting said clock signal into said data signal using an impedance element connected between said clock signal and said data signal whereby, energy of said clock signal is varied.

7. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 6, wherein:

said impedance element is a passive element.

8. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 7, wherein:

said passive element is a capacitor.

9. A method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

intentionally varying an impedance between said clock signal and said data signal to vary energy of said clock signal embedded in said data signal.

10. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 9, wherein:

said impedance is intentionally increased.

13. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 9, further comprising:

recovering said clock signal from said data signal.

14. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 13, wherein:

said clock signal is recovered using an LC tank oscillator circuit.

11. A method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

intentionally varying an impedance between a clock signal and a data signal to vary energy of said clock signal embedded in said data signal;

wherein said impedance is intentionally increased by the addition of a capacitor between said clock signal and said data signal.

12. The method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 11, wherein:

said capacitor is a discrete capacitor.

15. A method of injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

intentionally varying an impedance between a clock signal and a data signal to vary energy of said clock signal embedded in said data signal; and

recovering said clock signal from said data signal;

wherein said clock signal is recovered using a bandpass filter.

16. Apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

means for receiving said injected clock signal and means for intentionally varying a capacitance between said injected clock signal and said data signal to vary energy of said injected clock signal embedded in said data signal.

17. The apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 16, wherein said means for intentionally varying said capacitance comprises:

a capacitor between said clock signal and said data signal.

18. The apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 17, wherein:

said capacitor is a discrete capacitor.

19. The apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 16, further comprising:

means for recovering said clock signal from said data signal.

20. The apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal according to claim 19, wherein said means for recovering said clock signal comprises:

an LC tank oscillator circuit.

21. Apparatus for injecting a clock signal into a data signal, comprising:

means for intentionally varying a capacitance between a clock signal and a data signal to vary energy of said clock signal embedded in said data signal;

means for recovering said clock signal from said data signal; and

a bandpass filter.