Radio transmitter location finding in CDMA wireless communication systems

• US 6,249,680 B1
• Filed: 09/14/1998
• Issued: 06/19/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 01/08/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: US Wireless Corp. (Vontier Corp.)
• Inventors: Wax, Mati, Bar, Abraham, Hilsenrath, Oliver
• Primary Examiner(s): Maung, Nay
• Assistant Examiner(s): Trinh, Sonny
• Application Number:
  US09/152,916
• Time in Patent Office: 1,009 Days
• Field of Search: 455/456, 455/457, 455/422, 455/440, 455/560, 455/562, 342/378, 342/453, 342/457, 342/450, 340/825.36, 340/825.49, 370/334, 370/335, 370/342, 370/441, 370/479, 370/515, 375/142, 375/150
• US Class Current: 455/456.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 1/022 Means for monitoring or calibrating
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/021 Calibration, monitoring or correction G01S5/0252 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0218 Multipath in signal reception
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02521 using a radio-map
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/04 specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/51 Discovery or management thereof, e.g. service location protocol [SLP] or web services
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/52 specially adapted for the location of the user terminal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

A method and apparatus for location finding in a CDMA wireless communication system uses multipath signals in order to accurately determine a transmitter—s location. Direct path and multipath signals from a mobile transmitter arrive at an array of p antennas belonging to a cellular network base station. A location finding apparatus connected to the base station contains a multichannel receiver that uses PN sequence information provided by the base station receiver to despread the p signals and to separate each of the p signals into temporally distinct multipath parts. A signal processor calculates a signal signature for each active mobile. The signature is comprises a code correlation function, a set of temporal delays corresponding to the multipath parts and a set of signal subspaces. The signature is then compared to a database of calibrated signal signatures and corresponding locations, and a location whose calibrated signature best matches the measured signature is selected as the most likely location of the mobile transmitter. The location information can be used to increase the performance of a cellular telephone network and/or to provide useful services to cellular telephone customers.

Claims

1. In a spread-spectrum CDMA wireless communication system comprising a mobile transmitter and a receiver connected to an antenna array, a method for estimating the location of the mobile transmitter, the method comprising:

receiving at the antenna array signals originating from the mobile transmitter;

determining from the received signals a signal signature corresponding to the mobile transmitter, wherein the signature comprises a spatial signature and a code correlation signature;

comparing the signal signature to a database comprising calibrated signal signatures and corresponding location data; and

selecting from the database a set of likely calibrated signal signatures and a corresponding set of likely calibrated locations, wherein a difference between the likely calibrated signal signatures and the signal signature is minimized.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the signal signature comprises correlating p received signals from the antenna array with a predetermined code to produce p code correlation outputs, and constructing the code correlation signature from the p code correlation outputs.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein comparing the signal signature to the database comprises calculating differences between the p code correlation outputs and calibrated code correlation outputs.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the signal signature comprises temporally decomposing p spatially coherent signals received from the antenna array into p×

q distinct signals, calculating from the p×

q distinct signals a set of q covariance matrices, and constructing the spatial signature from the q covariance matrices.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein constructing the spatial signature comprises calculating from the set of q covariance matrices a set of q corresponding signal subspaces.

6. The method of claim 4 wherein comparing the signal signature to the database comprises summing traces of projections of the q covariance matrices onto calibrated signature subspaces.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the signal signature comprises decomposing each of p signals received from the antenna array into q temporally distinct signals having q temporal delays.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the signature further comprises a temporal delay signature, and wherein determining the signal signature further comprises constructing the temporal delay signature from the q temporal delays.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein comparing the signal signature to the database comprises calculating a difference between the q temporal delays and calibrated temporal delays.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein comparing the signal signature to the database comprises calculating a difference between a function F and a set of functions F₁, . . . , F_N, where the function F represents differences between the signal signature and a set of N calibrated signatures, and where the function F_j represents differences between a j^th calibrated signature and the set of N calibrated signatures.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the function F represents differences between the code correlation signature and a set of N calibrated code correlation signatures, and where the function F_j represents differences between a j^th calibrated code correlation signature and the set of N calibrated code correlation signatures.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the function F represents differences between the spatial signal signature and a set of N calibrated spatial signatures, and where the function F_j represents differences between a j^th calibrated spatial signature and the set of N calibrated spatial signatures.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the function F represents differences between a temporal delay signature and a set of N calibrated temporal delay signatures, and where the function F_j represents differences between a j^th calibrated temporal delay signature and the set of N calibrated temporal delay signatures.