Potentiometric sensors for analytic determination
First Claim
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1. A method for determining a concentration of an analyte, comprising:
- contacting a working electrode with the analyte;
applying a first potential at the working electrode to electroreduce or electrooxidize a plurality of redox centers disposed in a conductive film on the working electrode;
removing the first potential;
electrooxidizing or electroreducing the redox centers using the analyte as reductant or oxidant;
measuring a second potential at the working electrode after removing the first potential; and
correlating the second potential approximately linearly with the concentration of the analyte.
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Abstract
A potentiometric electrode and method for the determination of an analyte in a sample by linearly correlating potential at the electrode with the concentration of the analyte in the sample.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A method for determining a concentration of an analyte, comprising:
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contacting a working electrode with the analyte;
applying a first potential at the working electrode to electroreduce or electrooxidize a plurality of redox centers disposed in a conductive film on the working electrode;
removing the first potential;
electrooxidizing or electroreducing the redox centers using the analyte as reductant or oxidant;
measuring a second potential at the working electrode after removing the first potential; and
correlating the second potential approximately linearly with the concentration of the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. An analyte sensing system comprising:
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a working electrode;
a film disposed on the working electrode and having a plurality of redox centers to transfer electrons between the analyte and the working electrode;
a potential-producing device that, when connected to the working electrode, provides a first potential at the working electrode to electroreduce or electrooxidize the redox centers;
a switch disposed between the working electrode and the potential-producing device to connect and disconnect the potential-producing device from the working electrode to apply or remove, respectively, the first potential at the working electrode, wherein, when the first potential is removed from the working electrode, a second potential is achieved at the working electrode as the analyte electrooxidizes or electroreduces the redox centers; and
a detector for measuring the second potential and correlating the second potential to a concentration of the analyte, wherein the analyte sensing system is configured to produce a second potential that varies approximately linearly with the concentration of the analyte. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. An analyte sensing system comprising:
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a working electrode;
a film disposed on the working electrode and having a plurality of redox centers to transfer electrons between the analyte and the working electrode;
a means for generating a first potential at the working electrode to electroreduce or electrooxidize the redox centers;
a means for decoupling the first potential from the working electrode, wherein, when the first potential is decoupled from the working electrode, the analyte electrooxidizes or electroreduces the redox centers to achieve a second potential that varies with analyte concentration; and
a means for measuring the second potential and correlating approximately linearly the second potential to the analyte concentration. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21)
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22. A method of measuring an analyte concentration, the method comprising steps of:
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measuring a potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode, the working electrode having redox centers and an analyte-responsive catalyst disposed on the working electrode; and
correlating the potential to the analyte concentration, wherein the potential varies linearly with analyte concentration over a range of the analyte concentration. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification