Fluorescence energy transfer and intramolecular energy transfer in particles using novel compounds

• US 6,251,687 B1
• Filed: 03/23/1995
• Issued: 06/26/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/1993
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: BIOSITE INCORPORATED (Abbott Laboratories)
• Original Assignee: Biosite Diagnostics Incorporated (Abbott Laboratories)
• Inventors: Buechler, Kenneth F., Noar, Joseph Barry, Tadesse, Lema
• Primary Examiner(s): Venkat, Jyothsna
• Assistant Examiner(s): PONNALURI, PADMASHRI
• Application Number:
  US08/409,298
• Time in Patent Office: 2,287 Days
• Field of Search: 435/6, 435/70, 435/1, 435/7.5, 435/7.92, 436/518, 436/528, 436/529, 436/520, 436/531, 436/546, 436/800, 427/213.34, 427/157, 428/402.24, 428/407, 252/301.34, 252/301.35
• US Class Current: 436/518
• CPC Class Codes: C09B 47/08 Preparation from other phthalocyanine compounds , e.g. cobaltphthalocyanineamine complex
• CPC Class Codes: C09B 67/0097 Dye preparations of special physical nature; Tablets, films, extrusion, microcapsules, sheets, pads, bags with dyes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/582 with fluorescent label
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/587 Nanoparticles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 436/80 Fluorescent dyes, e.g. rhodamine

Abstract

The invention describes the particles comprising an energy donor as a first component and a fluorescent dye as a second component positioned in said particles at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm, said particle having bound on its surface, a protein, polypeptide, nucleic acid, nucleotide or protein containing ligand analogue are disclosed and claimed. In addition, novel fluorescent dyes are described which exhibit intramolecular energy transfer for use to label various molecules, proteins, polypeptides, nucleotides and nucleic acids or to incorporate into particles.

Claims

1. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and energy acceptor as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm, wherein said first component has an excitation wavelength greater than approximately 500 nm, said second component has an emission wavelength greater than approximately 680 nm, and at least one of said first component and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand or a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand;

said particle having bound on its surface, a protein, polypeptide, nucleic acid, nucleotide or protein comprising a ligand analogue.

104. A loadable particle of claims 1-17, 18, 19-52, or 53-103 wherein said loadable particle is latex.

105. A loadable particle of claims 1-17, 19-22, 25-52, 53-62, 64-77, or 79-80 comprising at least one additional fluorescent dye as a third component, said third component exhibiting in the particle approximately the same excitation and emission wavelengths as said second component, whereby quenching is decreased and fluorescence intensity is increased by the combination of said second component and optionally said third component.

107. A loadable particle in accordance with claims 1-17, 19-22, 25-52, 53-62, 64-77, or 79-80 wherein the particle is latex, and wherein the particle comprises at least one additional fluorescent dye as a third component, said third component exhibiting in the particle approximately the same excitation and emission wavelengths as said second component, whereby quenching is decreased and fluorescence intensity is increased by the combination of said second and said additional component(s).

134. The particle of claim 1 wherein the energy donor and the energy acceptor are located on the exterior or on both the interior and exterior of the particle.

135. The particle of claim 134 wherein the energy donor and the energy acceptor are incorporated at the surface of the particle.

2. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

3. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

4. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

5. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

6. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phthalocyanine derivative and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm and at least one of said phthalocyanine derivative and said naphthalocyanine derivative has an axial ligand.

7. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a styryl derivative and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

8. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a styryl derivative and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

9. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phenylbutadienyl derivative and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

10. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phenylbutadienyl derivative and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

11. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phenylhexatrienyl derivative and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

12. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a phenylhexatrienyl and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

13. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a porphine derivative and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

14. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a porphine derivative and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

15. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a carbocyanine dye and said second component is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

16. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a carbocyanine dye and said second component is a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

17. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of trans-4-[4-(Dibutylamino)styryl]-1-methyl pyridine and said second component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

18. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of trans-4-[4-(Dibutylamino)styryl]-1-methyl pyridine and said second component is a salt of 1,1-Dihexyl 3,3,3,3,-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

19. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3-Ethyl-3′

-carboxyethylthiadicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

20. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3-Ethyl-3′

-ethylcarboxyethyloxathiadicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

21. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3,3′

-diethylthiadicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

22. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3,3′

-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

23. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said two dyes are Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylethylmaleimidesilyloxide), and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

106. A loadable particle of claims 23, 24, 63, 78, or 81 comprising at least one additional fluorescent dye as a fourth component, said fourth component exhibiting in the particle approximately the same excitation and emission wavelengths as said two acceptor dyes, whereby quenching is decreased and fluorescence intensity is increased by the combination of said two dyes and optionally said additional component.

108. A loadable particle in accordance with claims 23, 24, 63, 78, or 81 wherein the particle is latex, and wherein the particle comprises at least one additional fluorescent dye as a fourth component, said fourth component exhibiting in the particle approximately the same excitation and emission wavelengths as said two acceptor dyes, whereby quenching is decreased and fluorescence intensity is increased by the combination of said two acceptor dyes and said additional component(s).

24. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said two dyes are Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylethylmaleimidesilyloxide), and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

25. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

26. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethyltriphenylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

27. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylretinol) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

28. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

29. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

30. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is the lithium tetraacetylide boron complex of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine iodide and said second component is Silicon 2,3-Naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyl oxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

31. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

32. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

33. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

34. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of Oxazine 1 and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

35. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3,3′

-Dipropylthiadicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

36. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Copper tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

37. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

38. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Aluminum tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine hydroxide and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

39. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Aluminum tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine chloride and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

40. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Aluminum octabutoxyphthalocyanine triethylsilyloxide and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

41. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Iron phthalocyanine bis(tert-butyl isocyanide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

42. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Octabutoxyphthalocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

43. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylphenylpentafluorosilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

44. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

45. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component-is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(diphenylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

46. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylmaleimidoethoxysilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

47. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylsilyloxide-trans-stilbene) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

48. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2,-tetrahydrooctyl-1-dimethylsilyloxide and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

49. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylretinol) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

50. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dihydroxide and second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

51. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dichloride and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

52. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis (maleimide-fluoroscein) (FET compound) and said second component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis (maleimide-fluoroscein) (FET compound) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

53. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-Naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

54. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

55. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

56. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Octabutoxyphthalocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

57. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Octabutoxynaphthalocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

58. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindocarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

59. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 3,3′

-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

60. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

61. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

,3,3,3′

,3′

-Hexamethyl-4,4′

,5,5′

-dibenzo-2,2′

-indotricarbocyanine and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

62. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

63. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said two dyes are Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

64. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

65. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

66. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalocyanine and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

67. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(phenylthio)phthalocyanine and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

68. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(phenylthio)phthalocyanine and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

69. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine dichloride and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

70. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalocyanine and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine dichloride and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

71. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Tetrabis(phenylthio)phthalocyanine and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine dichloride and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

72. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dihydroxide and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

73. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dihydroxide and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine dichloride and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

74. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dihydroxide and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(triethylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

75. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dichloride and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,31-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

76. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dichloride and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine dichloride and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

77. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Germanium tetra-tert-butyl phthalocyanine dichloride and said second component is Tin octabutoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(triethylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

78. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said two dyes are Silicon 2,3-Naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

79. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

80. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is a salt of 1,1′

-Dihexyl-3,3,3′

,3′

-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine and said second component is a salt of 5,5′

-Dichloro-1,1′

-diphenylamino-3,3′

-diethyl-10,12-ethylenethiatricarbocyanine and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

81. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is (E,E)-3,5-bis-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diazo-s-indacene and said two dyes are Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide) and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

82. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(di-methylhexylvinylsilyl-oxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

83. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said two dyes are eluted from the group consisting of Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon octaethoxy 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(di-methylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

84. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

85. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis[(3-cyanopropyl)dimethylsilyloxide] and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

86. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

87. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide trihexylsilyloxide and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

88. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis[(10-carbomethoxydecyl)dimethylsilyloxide] and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

89. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

90. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine [(10-carbomethoxydecyl)dimethylsilyloxide](dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

91. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethyloctyldecylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

92. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine [(10-carbomethoxydecyl)dimethylsilyloxide](dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

93. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine)](2,3-naphthalocyanine)phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

94. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine)]di(2/3-tert-butylphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

95. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(2,3-naphthalocyanine)]di(1,4-diphenylphthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

96. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine) diphthalocyanine bis(trihexlsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

97. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine)]di(2,3-dicyanophthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

98. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

99. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said two dyes are Silicon[di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine)]diphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

100. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine)]diphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

101. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

102. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and two energy acceptor fluorescent dyes as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said two dyes are eluted from the group consisting of Silicon[di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine)]diphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and Silicon[di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine)]dinaphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the cumulative Stokes shift of said energy donor and said two dyes is greater than or equal to 50 nm.

103. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor fluorescent dye as a second component positioned at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein said first component is Silicon phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and said second component is Silicon[di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine)]dinaphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide) and the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm.

109. A loadable fluorescent microparticle made by the process comprising:

a) selecting a series of dyes comprising at least one initial energy donor dye with a desired excitation peak and at least one final energy acceptor dye with a desired emission peak, wherein at least one of said dyes is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand or a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand and wherein each dye in the series has a spectral overlap sufficient to allow for energy transfer of excitation energy to the final acceptor dye, wherein the excitation wavelength of said microparticle is 600 nanometers or greater, and wherein the Stokes shift is greater than or equal to 50 nanometers; and

b) randomly incorporating said series of dyes in a microparticle.

110. A loadable fluorescent microparticle as claimed in claim 109, with an excitation peak between 620 and 750 nanometers, and an emission peak between 650 and 850 nanometers.

111. A loadable fluorescent microparticle as claimed in claim 109, with an excitation peak between 650 and 900 nanometers, and an emission peak between 800 and 1000 nanometers.

112. A loadable fluorescent microparticle as claimed in claim 109 wherein said particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

113. A loadable fluorescent microparticle as claimed in claim 111 wherein said particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

114. A loadable microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting at least one hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative, said fluorescent derivative(s) having (1) at least one donor subunit with a desired excitation peak; and

(2) at least one acceptor subunit with a desired emission peak, wherein said fluorescent derivative(s) is/are capable of intramolecular energy transfer from said donor subunit to said acceptor subunit; and

B) randomly incorporating said hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative(s) into a microparticle.

115. A loadable microparticle as claimed in claim 114 wherein said particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

116. A loadable microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting at least one hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative, said fluorescent derivative(s) having (1) at least one donor subunit with a desired excitation peak;

(2) at least one acceptor subunit with a desired emission peak; and

(3) at least one electron transfer subunit;

wherein said fluorescent derivative(s) is/are capable of intramolecular energy transfer from said donor subunit to said acceptor subunit; and

B) randomly incorporating said hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative(s) into a loadable microparticle.

117. A loadable microparticle as claimed in claim 116 wherein said particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

118. A loadable microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting at least one hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative containing a metal, said fluorescent derivative(s) having (1) at least one donor subunit with a desired excitation peak;

(2) at least one acceptor subunit with a desired emission peak; and

(3) at least one axial ligand covalently bound to said metal in said hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative;

wherein said fluorescent derivative(s) is/are capable of intramolecular energy transfer from said donor subunit to said acceptor subunit; and

B) randomly incorporating said hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative(s) into a loadable microparticle.

119. A loadable microparticle as claimed in claim 118 wherein said particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

120. A loadable microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting at least one phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative containing a metal, said fluorescent derivative(s) having at least one axial ligand covalently bound to said metal in said phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative; and

B) randomly incorporating said phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative into a microparticle.

121. A loadable microparticle as claimed in claim 120 selected from the group consisting of latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

122. A loadable microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting at least one hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative containing a metal, said fluorescent derivative(s) having (1) at least one donor subunit with a desired excitation peak;

(2) at least one acceptor subunit with a desired emission peak;

(3) at least one electron capable of being transferred from the donor subunit to the acceptor subunit; and

(4) at least one axial ligand covalently bound to said metal in said phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative;

wherein said fluorescent derivative(s) is/are capable of intramolecular energy transfer from said donor subunit to said acceptor subunit; and

B) randomly incorporating said phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative(s) into a loadable microparticle.

123. A loadable microparticle as claimed in claim 122 wherein the particle comprises latex, silica, alumina, liposomes or colloids.

124. A loadable fluorescent assay microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting a series of dyes comprising at least one initial donor dye with a desired excitation peak and two or more final acceptor dyes with desired emission peaks equal to or very similar to each other, wherein each dye in the series has a spectral overlap sufficient to allow for significant energy transfer of excitation energy to the final acceptor dyes; and

B) randomly incorporating said series of dyes in a loadable microparticle, whereby the improved particle exhibits minimal fluorescent quenching and maximum fluorescence intensity.

125. A loadable fluorescent assay microparticle of claim 124 wherein said emission peaks are within 25 nm of each other.

126. A loadable fluorescent assay microparticle of claim 124 wherein said series of dyes contains up to five different dyes.

127. A loadable fluorescent assay microparticle of claim 124 wherein said series of dyes contains up to ten different dyes.

128. A loadable fluorescent microparticle made by the process comprising:

a) selecting a series of dyes comprising at least one initial energy donor dye selected from the group consisting of carbocyanine dyes and ethenyl-substituted dipyrrometheneboron di fluoro dyes, with a desired excitation peak and at least one final energy acceptor dye, selected from the group consisting of phthalocyanine derivatives having an axial ligand, with a desired emission peak, wherein each dye in the series has a spectral overlap sufficient to allow for energy transfer of excitation energy to the final energy acceptor dye, and wherein the Stokes shift is greater than or equal to 50 nanometers; and

b) randomly incorporating said series of dyes in a loadable microparticle.

129. A loadable fluorescent microparticle for the detection of at least one analyte in a sample suspected of containing said analyte(s), said microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting a series of dyes comprising at least one initial energy donor dye with a desired excitation peak and at least one final energy acceptor dye with a desired emission peak, wherein each dye in the series has a spectral overlap sufficient to allow for significant energy transfer of excitation energy to the final energy acceptor dye and wherein at least one of said dyes is a phthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand or a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand, wherein the excitation wavelength of said microparticle is selected so as to be in the range where the sample absorbs approximately 10% or less of the incident light and emits at a wavelength where the sample fluorescence contributes to approximately 10% or less of the background signal; and

B) randomly incorporating said series of dyes in a loadable microparticle.

130. A loadable fluorescent microparticle for the detection of at least one analyte in a sample suspected of containing said analyte(s), said microparticle made by the process comprising:

A) selecting a hybrid phthalocyanine fluorescent derivative with a desired excitation peak and a desired emission peak, wherein the excitation wavelength of said microparticle is selected to be in the range where the sample absorbs approximately 10% or less of the incident light and emits at a wavelength where the sample fluorescence contributes to approximately 10% or less of the background signal; and

B) randomly incorporating said series of dyes in a loadable microparticle.

131. A loadable microparticle comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))tetrafluorophthalocyanine phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))tetrafluorophthalocyanine phthalocyanine bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))di(tert-butyl-phthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(2,3-naphthalocyanine))di(1,4-diphenylphthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(2,3-naphthalocyanine)di(1,4-diphenylphthalocyanine)bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))di(2/3-tert-butylphthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))di(2/3-tert-butylphthalocyanine)bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))dinaphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylsilyloxide), silicon di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))triphthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))(2,3-naphthalocyanine)phthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(2,3-naphthalocyanine))di(2,3-dicyanophthalocyanine)bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenylnaphthalocyanine))di(dichlorophthalocyanine), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ester), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine dihydroxide, silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(octyloxide), silicon(di(1,6-diphenyl-2,3-naphthalocyanine))diphthalocyanine bis(phenoxide), silicon trinaphthalocyanine dichlorophthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), silicon(tri(2,3-naphthalocyanine))2,3-dichlorophthalocyanine bis(dimethylhexylvinylsilyloxide), and silicon(tri(2,3-naphthalocyanine))2,3-dichlorophthalocyanine bis(dimethylpentafluorophenylsilyloxide).

132. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and energy acceptor as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm and wherein at least one of said first component and said second component is a phathalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand or a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand, said particle having bound on its surface, a protein, polypeptide, nucleic acid, nucleotide or protein comprising a ligand analogue, wherein said first and said second components are located on the exterior or on both the interior and exterior of the particle.

133. The particle of claim 132 wherein said first component and said second component are incorporated at the surface of the particle.

136. A loadable particle comprising an energy donor as a first component and an energy acceptor as a second component positioned in said particle at an energy exchanging distance from one another, wherein the two components have a Stokes shift of greater than or equal to 50 nm and wherein at least one of said first component and said second component is a phythalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand or a naphthalocyanine derivative having an axial ligand, said particle having bound on its surface, a protein, polypeptide, nucleic acid, nucleotide or protein comprising a ligand analogue, wherein said first and said second components are located in both the interior and exterior of the particle.