Error correction within power amplifiers

• US 6,259,320 B1
• Filed: 12/27/1999
• Issued: 07/10/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 12/27/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Valk, Eric C., Beaudin, Steve A., Grundlingh, Johan M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mottola, Steven J.
• Application Number:
  US09/472,911
• Time in Patent Office: 561 Days
• Field of Search: 330/129, 330/136, 330/149, 330/151
• US Class Current: 330/149
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3229 using a loop for error extraction and another loop for error subtraction

Abstract

A feed forward power amplifier has a main amplifier and an error compensation path that compares the input and output of the main amplifier and subsequently adjusts the output signal from the main amplifier. Currently, such a design requires the implementation of a delay apparatus to delay the output of the main amplifier in order to compensate for the delay within the error compensation path. This delay apparatus implemented within a high-power area costs the power amplifier in terms of money, size, and/or efficiency. With the implementation of a phase compensation filter within the error compensation path, the delay apparatus can be removed. The phase compensation filter has a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope for a limited bandwidth and a constant frequency versus gain characteristic. This allows, for the limited bandwidth, the characteristic of the error compensation path to be similar to that of the undelayed output of the main amplifier. The use of a phase compensation filter within a feedback power amplifier can also have benefits, as the bandwidth of the power amplifier can be expanded.

Claims

1. A power amplifier apparatus comprising:

a main amplifier comprising an input and an output, the main amplifier amplifying signals that are received at the input while adding distortion components;

first and second samplers, coupled to the input and output of the main amplifier respectively, that generate first and second samples respectively;

a comparator, coupled to the first and second samplers, that generates an error signal in response to the first and second samples;

a filter, coupled to the comparator, that filters the error signal, the filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth;

an error amplifier, coupled to the filter, that amplifies the filtered error signal; and

an injector, coupled to the error amplifier and the output of the main amplifier, that combines a signal at the output of the main amplifier with the amplified error signal to generate an output signal for the power amplifier apparatus.

2. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a delay apparatus, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that receives the first sample and outputs a delayed first sample;

and an attenuator, coupled between the second sampler and the comparator, that receives the second sample, reduces the power of the second sample, and outputs a low power second sample; and

wherein the comparator compares the low power second sample with the delayed first sample to generate the error signal.

3. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 2 further comprising an amplitude and phase adjuster, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that adjusts the amplitude and phase of the first sample to be substantially in antiphase with non-distortion components within the low power second sample.

4. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the delay apparatus is one of a delay line and a delay filter.

5. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second filter, coupled between the output of the main amplifier and the second sampler, that has a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth;

wherein the error compensation loop further comprises an attenuator, coupled between the second sampler and the comparator, that receives the second sample, reduces the power of the second sample, and outputs a low power second sample; and

wherein the comparator compares the low power second sample with the first sample to generate the error signal.

6. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second filter, coupled between the first sampler and the input of the main amplifier, that has a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth;

wherein the error compensation loop further comprises an attenuator, coupled between the second sampler and the comparator, that receives the second sample, reduces the power of the second sample, and outputs a low power second sample; and

wherein the comparator compares the low power second sample with the first sample to generate the error signal.

7. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 6 further comprising an amplitude and phase adjuster, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that adjusts the amplitude and phase of the first sample to be substantially in antiphase with non-distortion components within the low power second sample.

8. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising an amplitude and phase adjuster, coupled between the comparator and the injector, that adjusts the amplitude and phase of the error signal to be substantially in antiphase with the distortion components of a signal at the output of the main amplifier.

9. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a second error amplifier coupled between the comparator and the filter that amplifies the error signal.

10. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filter is a Surface Acoustic Wave filter.

11. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the filter further comprises a temperature detector and adjuster to maintain the filter at a constant temperature.

12. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the frequency versus gain characteristic for the filter results in a substantially constant frequency versus gain characteristic for the amplified error signal.

13. A power amplifier apparatus comprising:

a main amplifier comprising an input and an output, the main amplifier amplifying signals that are received at the input while adding distortion components;

first and second samplers, coupled to the input and output of the main amplifier respectively, that generate first and second samples respectively;

a comparator, coupled to the first and second samplers, that generates an error signal in response to the first and second samples;

an error amplifier, coupled to the comparator, that amplifies the error signal;

a filter, coupled to the comparator, that filters the amplified error signal, the filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth; and

an injector, coupled to the filter and the output of the main amplifier, that combines a signal at the output of the main amplifier with the filtered error signal to generate an output signal for the power amplifier apparatus.

14. A power amplifier apparatus comprising:

a main amplifier comprising an input and an output, the main amplifier amplifying signals that are received at the input while adding distortion components;

first and second samplers, coupled to the input and output of the main amplifier respectively, that generate first and second samples respectively;

a filter, coupled to the second sampler, that filters the second sample, the filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth;

a comparator, coupled to the first sampler and the filter, that generates an error signal in response to the first sample and the filtered second sample;

an error amplifier, coupled to the comparator, that amplifies the error signal; and

an injector, coupled to the error amplifier and the output of the main amplifier, that combines a signal at the output of the main amplifier with the amplified error signal to generate an output signal for the power amplifier apparatus.

15. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a second filter, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that receives the first sample and outputs a filtered first sample, the second filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth.

16. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a delay apparatus, coupled between the first and second samplers.

17. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a second filter, coupled between the first and second samplers, the second filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth.

18. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising a delay apparatus, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that receives the first sample and outputs a delayed first sample.

19. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising an attenuator, coupled between the second sampler and the comparator, that receives the second sample, reduces the power of the second sample and outputs a low power second sample.

20. A power amplifier apparatus comprising:

a main amplifier comprising an input and an output, the main amplifier amplifying signals that are received at the input while adding distortion components;

first and second samplers, coupled to the input and output of the main amplifier respectively, that generate first and second samples respectively;

a phase compensation filter, coupled to the second sampler, that filters the second sample, the filter having a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth;

a comparator, coupled to the first sampler and the filter, that generates an error signal in response to the first sample and the filtered second sample;

an error amplifier, coupled to the comparator, that amplifies the error signal; and

an adjuster, coupled to the error amplifier and the first sampler, that adjusts a signal at the input of the main amplifier in response to the amplified error signal.

21. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the error signal generated at the comparator is representative of a phase difference between the first sample and the filtered second sample.

22. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the error signal generated at the comparator is representative of an amplitude difference between the first sample and the filtered second sample.

23. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising:

a second comparator, coupled to the first sampler and the filter, that generates a second error signal in response to the first sample and the filtered second sample;

a second error amplifier, coupled to the second comparator, that amplifies the second error signal; and

wherein the adjuster further adjusts a signal at the input of the main amplifier in response to the second error signal.

24. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first and second error signals generated at the respective first and second comparators is representative of a slowly varying and fast varying amplitude difference respectively between the first sample and the filtered second sample.

25. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first and second error signals generated at the respective first and second comparators is representative of a slowly varying and fast varying phase difference respectively between the first sample and the filtered second sample.

26. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the first and second error signals generated at the respective first and second comparators is representative of an in phase and quadrature difference respectively between the first sample and the filtered second sample.

27. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising a delay apparatus, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that receives the first sample and outputs a delayed first sample;

and an attenuator, coupled between the second sampler and the filter, that receives the second sample, reduces the power of the second sample, and outputs a low power second sample to the filter; and

wherein the comparator compares the low power second sample output from the filter with the delayed first sample to generate the error signal.

28. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the delay apparatus is one of a delay line and a delay filter.

29. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 27 further comprising a second filter, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that has a frequency versus phase characteristic with a positive slope over a limited bandwidth.

30. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising an amplitude and phase adjuster, coupled between the first sampler and the comparator, that adjusts the amplitude and phase of the first sample to be substantially in antiphase with the second sample.

31. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the filter is a Surface Acoustic Wave filter.

32. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the filter further comprises a temperature detector and adjuster to maintain the filter at a constant temperature.

33. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising a bandpass filter, coupled between the error amplifier and the adjuster, that bandpass filters the amplified error signal prior to it being input to the adjuster.

34. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising a low pass filter, coupled between the error amplifier and the adjuster, that low pass filters the amplified error signal prior to it being input to the adjuster.

35. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20 further comprising an integrator circuit, coupled between the error amplifier and the adjuster, that filters the amplified error signal prior to it being input to the adjuster.

36. A power amplifier apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the frequency versus gain characteristic for the filter results in a substantially constant frequency versus gain characteristic for the amplified error signal.