Piezoelectric film transducer for cochlear prosthetic

• US 6,261,224 B1
• Filed: 05/03/1999
• Issued: 07/17/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 08/07/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Envoy Medical Corporation
• Original Assignee: St Croix Medical Incorporated
• Inventors: Brillhart, Bruce A., Kroll, Kai, Adams, Theodore P., Bushek, Donald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): LAYNO, CARL HERNANDZ
• Application Number:
  US09/304,327
• Time in Patent Office: 806 Days
• Field of Search: 607/55-57, 600/25
• US Class Current: 600/25
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0541 Cochlear electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36038 Cochlear stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/46 Special adaptations for use as contact microphones, e.g. on musical instrument, on stethoscope throat mountings H04R1/14
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 17/025 using a piezoelectric polymer
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 25/606 acting directly on the eardrum, the ossicles or the skull, e.g. mastoid, tooth, maxillary or mandibular bone, or mechanically stimulating the cochlea, e.g. at the oval window

Abstract

A method and apparatus transduces between mechanical and electrical signals within a middle ear to improve hearing. An electromechanical transducer film, preferably polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), is carried by a mount secured to the middle ear. The film is constrained by the mount, or by the mount and an auditory element. The invention includes substantially straight, bow-shaped, hoop-shaped, and bi-element transducer film embodiments. The film transduces between mechanical vibrations of an auditory element, such as the malleus or stapes, and electrical signals for use with an electronics unit of a partial middle ear implantable (P-MEI) or total middle ear implantable (T-MEI) hearing aid.

Claims

1. A method of assisting hearing including:

mechanically coupling a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by a mount, to an auditory element of a middle ear and securing the film within the middle ear;

receiving vibrations from the auditory element with the film and producing a resulting output voltage in response to the vibrations; and

sending the output voltage from the film to an electronics unit coupled to the film and communicatively coupling the electronics unit to a programmer.

2. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using at least one of a bow shape transducer film, a hoop shape transducer film, and a substantially straight shape transducer film.

3. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises securing the film at a plurality of constraint points.

4. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using film made of polyvinylidene fluoride.

5. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises transforming vibrations of the auditory element with the film into longitudinal dimensional variations of the film.

6. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using a bi-element transducer film.

7. The method of claim 1, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises extending first and second arms radially outward from the mount and mechanically coupling the first and second arms to the film.

8. A method of assisting hearing comprising:

mechanically coupling a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by a mount, to an auditory element of a middle ear and securing the film at a plurality of constraint points within the middle ear;

sending an electrical input signal from an electronics unit to the film and communicatively coupling the electronics unit to a programmer; and

vibrating the auditory element with the film in response to the electrical input signal.

9. The method of claim 8, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using at least one of a bow shape transducer film, a hoop shape transducer film, and a substantially straight shape transducer film.

10. The method of claim 8, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using film made of polyvinylidene fluoride.

11. The method of claim 8, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises transforming vibrations of the auditory element with the film into longitudinal dimensional variations of the film.

12. The method of claim 8, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises using a bi-element transducer film.

13. The method of claim 8, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises extending first and second arms radially outward from the mount and mechanically coupling the first and second arms to the film.

14. A method of assisting hearing comprising:

mechanically coupling a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by a mount, to an auditory element of an inner ear and securing the film at a plurality of constraint points within the middle ear;

sending a electrical input signal from an electronics unit to the film and communicatively coupling the electronics unit to a programmer; and

vibrating the auditory element with the film in response to the electrical input signal.

15. The method of claim 14, in which the step of mechanical coupling further comprises coupling the film to at least one of an oval window, a round window, a vestibule, and a semicircular canal of the inner ear.

16. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

an electromechanical sensor, including a mount adapted to be secured to a middle ear, and a piezoelectric transducer film carried by the mount, in which the film is proportioned for mechanically coupling to an auditory element in the middle ear, and the film is adapted for receiving vibrations from the auditory element and producing a resulting output voltage in response to the vibrations, the film having at least one of a hoop shape, a substantially straight shape, and a bow shape;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled to said sensor for receiving said output voltage; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

17. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate an auditory element in response to an electrical input signal, the film being adapted to be secured at a plurality of constraint points and having at least one of a hoop shape, a substantially straight shape, and a bow shape;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

18. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, the film being secured to transform longitudinal variations in a physical dimension of the film into vibrations of the auditory clement and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

19. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, the film having a hoop shape and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

20. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, the film having a bow shape and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

21. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by first and second arms, each extending radially outward from the mount and mechanically coupled to the film, the film being proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

22. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, and the mount is mechanically coupled to the film at first and second constraint points, and having between the first and second constraint points at least one driving point on the film coupled to an auditory element at the driving point such that a variation in the film length between the first and second constraint points is transformed into an approximately orthogonal variation in position of the driving point for vibrating the auditory element, the film being proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

23. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, the film being secured at a plurality of constraint points and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to an auditory element of an inner ear and to vibrate the auditory clement in response to an electrical input signal, the film being adapted to be secured at a plurality of constraint points;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

24. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance systems, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by the mount, the film being secured to transform longitudinal variations in a physical dimension of the film into vibrations of the auditory element and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to an auditory element of an inner ear and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal, the film being adapted to be secured at a plurality of constraint points;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

25. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mounts adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by first and second arms, each extending radially outward from the mount and mechanically coupled to the film, the film being proportioned to be mechanically coupled to an auditory element of an inner car and to vibrate the auditory element in response to an electrical input signal, the film being adapted to be secured at a plurality of constraint points;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

26. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount, adapted to be secured to a middle ear and a piezoelectric transducer film, carried by first and second arms, each extending radially outward from the mount and mechanically coupled to the film at first and second constraint points, and having between the first and second constraint points at least one driving point on the film coupled to an auditory element at the driving point such that a variation in the film length between the first and second constraint points is transformed into an approximately orthogonal variation in position of the driving point for vibrating the auditory element, the film being proportioned to be mechanically coupled to an auditory element of all inner ear and to vibrate the auditory clement in response to an electrical input signal, the film being adapted to be secured at a plurality of constraint points;

an electronics unit, electrically coupled for providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer, adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

27. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for inductive communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

28. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle car and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that all auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for radio-frequency communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

29. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for infrared communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

30. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for ultrasonic communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

31. An at least partially implantable bearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit including in inductive element an electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer including an inductive clement adapted for inductive communicative coupling to the electronics unit.

32. The system of claim 31, in which the inductive clement is a coil.

33. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator Including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle car such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit, including means for pulse-code modulation, said means for pulse-code modulation encoding signals to said electronics unit.

34. The programmer of claim 33, in which the pulse-code modulating means are bi-directional between the programmer and the electronics unit.

35. The programmer of claim 33, in which the pulse-code modulating means comprises pulse-width telemetry.

36. The programmer of claim 33, in which the pulse-code modulating means comprises pulse-interval telemetry.

37. The programmer of claim 33, in which the pulse-code modulating means comprises amplitude modulation.

38. The programmer of claim 37, in which the pulse-code modulating means comprises frequency modulation.

39. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit, including means for adjusting bearing assistance parameters and means for hearing assistance parameter verification.

40. An at least partially implantable hearing assistance system, comprising:

a vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount being securable proximate a patient'"'"'s middle ear and the piezoelectric transducer film being carried by the mount and conformed to be mechanically coupled to the middle ear such that an auditory element is vibrated in response to an electrical input signal;

an electronics unit in electrical communication with the vibrator and providing the electrical input signal to the vibrator; and

a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to the electronics unit, including means for adjusting hearing assistance parameters and means for hearing assistance parameter diagnostics.

41. A method of programming a hearing assistance system at least partially implanted in a patient'"'"'s middle car, the method comprising the steps of:

activating a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to an electronics unit, the electronics unit being disposed proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and in electrical contact with a vibrator, the vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount secured proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and the transducer film being carried by the mount and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the patient'"'"'s middle ear;

setting a value of a hearing assistance parameter in the programmer; and

transdermally communicating, the hearing assistance parameter value from the programmer to the electronics unit, at least in part by induction.

42. A method of programming a hearing assistance system at least partially implanted in a patient'"'"'s middle ear, the method comprising the steps of:

activating a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to an electronics unit, the electronics limit being disposed proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and in electrical contact with a vibrator, the vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount secured proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and the transducer film being carried by the mount and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the patient'"'"'s middle ear;

setting a value of a hearing assistance parameter in the programmer; and

transdermally communicating the hearing assistance parameter value from the programmer to the electronics unit, at least in part by radio frequency.

43. A method of programming a hearing assistance system at least partially implanted in a patient'"'"'s middle ear, the method comprising the steps of:

activating a programmer adapted for communicative coupling to an electronics unit, the electronics unit being disposed proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and in electrical contact with a vibrator, the vibrator including a mount and a piezoelectric transducer film, the mount secured proximate the patient'"'"'s middle ear and the transducer film being carried by the mount and proportioned to be mechanically coupled to the patient'"'"'s middle ear;

setting a value of a hearing assistance parameter in the programmer; and

transdermally communicating the hearing assistance parameter value from the programmer to the electronics unit, at least in part by infrared radiation or ultrasonic radiation.