Method for diagnosing, monitoring and treating hypertension and other cardiac problems
First Claim
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1. A method for diagnosing cardiovascular pathology in a patient, comprising the steps of:
- (1) gathering cardiovascular condition information from the patient through a non-invasive technique;
(2) determining the patient'"'"'s systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure from the gathered cardiovascular condition information;
(3) using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s peripheral resistance;
(4) comparing the determined peripheral resistance to a predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value; and
(5) diagnosing the patient as having a cardiovascular pathology if the patient'"'"'s determined peripheral resistance exceeds the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value.
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Abstract
A method is disclosed for diagnosing, monitoring and treating cardiovascular pathologies. Among the hemodynamic parameters of interest are peripheral resistance, compliance, and cardiac (left ventricular) output. Peripheral resistance determined according to the present invention has been found to be a reliable indicator, not only of hypertension, but also of the cause of the hypertension. The determined peripheral resistance can be compared against a predetermined threshold value. This comparison helps to foster a diagnosis of a hypertensive condition.
62 Citations
40 Claims
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1. A method for diagnosing cardiovascular pathology in a patient, comprising the steps of:
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(1) gathering cardiovascular condition information from the patient through a non-invasive technique;
(2) determining the patient'"'"'s systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure from the gathered cardiovascular condition information;
(3) using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s peripheral resistance;
(4) comparing the determined peripheral resistance to a predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value; and
(5) diagnosing the patient as having a cardiovascular pathology if the patient'"'"'s determined peripheral resistance exceeds the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
(1) using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s cardiac output;
(2) comparing the determined cardiac output to a predetermined threshold value; and
(3) diagnosing the patient as hypertensive if the patient'"'"'s cardiac output exceeds the predetermined threshold value.
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3. The method of claim 2, wherein
the step of comparing the determined cardiac output comprises the step of comparing the determined cardiac output to a predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value; - and
the step of diagnosing the patient as hypertensive determines the patient to be hypertensive if the determined cardiac output exceeds the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value.
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4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of diagnosing the patient as hypertensive comprises the step of diagnosing the patient as having a high cardiac output type hypertension when the determined mean arterial pressure exceeds the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value, and the determined peripheral resistance is below the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value.
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5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of gathering cardiovascular condition information comprises the steps of:
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(1) affixing a non-invasive pressure inducing member and transducer member to the patient;
(2) elevating the pressure induced by the pressure inducing member to a supra-systolic pressure;
(3) decreasing the pressure induced by the pressure inducing member over time to a sub-diastolic pressure; and
(4) obtaining a data stream from the transducer member, the data stream comprising pressure data and pulsation signal data to obtain a series of pulsation signal data waveforms, the data stream further comprising pulsation signal data taken at least at each of (a) a supra-systolic pressure, (b) a sub-diastolic pressure, and (c) a pressure between the systolic and the diastolic pressures.
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6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of gathering cardiovascular condition information comprises the steps of:
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(1) obtaining a data stream from the patient comprising pressure data and pulsation signal data to obtain a series of waveforms wherein the data stream further comprises pulsation signal data taken at least at each of (a) a supra-systolic pressure, (b) a systolic pressure, (c) a diastolic pressure, and (d) a sub-diastolic pressure.
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7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of using at least one of the waveforms to determine a diastolic flow velocity.
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8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of using at least one of the waveforms to determine the diastolic flow velocity includes the steps of
(1) using at least one of the waveforms at the systolic pressure to determine the peak to peak change in pressure over time; - and
(2) using at least one of the waveforms at the diastolic pressure to determine the diastolic flow change in pressure over time.
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9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of using at least one of the waveforms to determine diastolic flow velocity includes a step of determining the diastolic flow velocity according to the equation:
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where, Vo=diastolic flow velocity lcuff=the effective length of the blood pressure cuff from which the data stream is obtained, Tpp=the time between the peak positive slope and the peak negative slope of a systolic waveform, (dp/dt)DW=the change in pressure over time of the diastolic wave, and (dp/dt)pp=the change in pressure over time in the interval between the peak positive slope and peak negative slope of the systolic waveform.
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10. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises a step of determining systemic peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure and, Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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11. The method of claim 10, further comprising the step of determining cardiac output according to the equation
where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, CO=cardiac output, and MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure. -
12. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises a step of determining distal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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13. The method of claim 12, further comprising the step of determining cardiac output according to the equation
where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, CO=cardiac output, and MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure. -
14. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining diastolic flow velocity, and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining systemic peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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15. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining diastolic flow velocity, and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining distal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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16. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of diagnosing the patient as hypertensive comprises a step of diagnosing the patient as having high peripheral resistance type hypertension if:
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(1) the determined peripheral resistance is greater than about 0.6 (mmHg)(sec/cm); and
(2) at least one of the following;
(a) the determined mean arterial pressure is greater than about 108 mmHg;
(b) the determined systolic pressure is greater than about 140 mmHg; and
(c) the determined diastolic pressure is greater than about 90 mmHg.
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17. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of diagnosing the patient as hypertensive comprises the step of diagnosing the patient as having a high cardiac output type hypertension if:
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(1) the determined peripheral resistance is less than about 0.6 (mmHg)(sec/cm); and
(2) at least one of the following;
(a) the determined mean arterial pressure is greater than about 108 mmHg, (b) the determined systolic pressure is greater than about 140 mmHg; and
(c) the determined diastolic pressure is greater than about 90 mmHg.
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18. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of diagnosing the patient as having a cardiovascular pathology comprises the step of diagnosing the patient as being at risk of having coronary artery disease if the determined peripheral resistance is greater than about 0.6 (mmHg)(sec/cm).
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19. A method for determining peripheral resistance of a patient, comprising the steps of:
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(1) gathering cardiovascular information from a patient non-invasively, the cardiovascular information comprising a data stream having pressure data and pulsation signal data to obtain a series of waveforms, the data stream further comprising pulsation signal data taken at least at each of;
1. a supra-systolic pressure, 2. a systolic pressure, 3. a diastolic pressure, and 4. a sub-diastolic pressure;
(2) determining the patient'"'"'s systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure from the gathered cardiovascular condition information; and
(3) using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s peripheral resistance. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
(1) using at least one of the waveforms at the systolic pressure to determine the peak to peak change in pressure over time, (2) using at least one of the waveforms at the diastolic pressure to determine the diastolic flow change in pressure over time. -
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of using at least one of the waveforms to determine diastolic flow velocity includes the step of determining the diastolic flow velocity according to the equation:
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where,
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23. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining proximal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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24. The method of claim 20, wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining distal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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25. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of determining the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining diastolic flow velocity;
- and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining proximal peripheral resistance according to the equation;
where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
- and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining proximal peripheral resistance according to the equation;
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26. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of determining the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining diastolic flow velocity;
- and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining distal peripheral resistance according to the equation;
where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
- and wherein the step of determining peripheral resistance comprises the step of determining distal peripheral resistance according to the equation;
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27. A device for determining peripheral resistance of a patient, the device comprising:
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(1) a non-invasive unit for gathering cardiovascular information from a patient, wherein the non-invasive unit being comprised of a pressure inducing member and a transducer member and wherein the cardiovascular information is comprised of a data stream having pressure data and pulsation signal data to obtain a series of waveforms, the data stream at least comprising pulsation signal data taken at each of 1. a supra-systolic pressure, 2. a systolic pressure, 3. a diastolic pressure, and 4. a sub-diastolic pressure;
(2) a processing member coupled to the non-invasive unit to determine the patient'"'"'s systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure from the gathered cardiovascular condition information and for using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s peripheral resistance. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36)
where,
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31. The device of claim 28, wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s systemic peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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32. The device of claim 31, wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s cardiac output according to the equation:
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where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, CO=cardiac output, and MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure.
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33. The device of claim 28, wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s distal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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34. The device of claim 33, wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s cardiac output according to the equation:
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where PH2=the distal peripheral resistance, CO=cardiac output, and MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure.
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35. The device of claim 27, wherein the processing member further determines the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining the patient'"'"'s diastolic flow velocity;
- and wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s systemic peripheral resistance according to the equation;
where PR1=the systemic peripheral resistance, SYS=the determined systolic pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
- and wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s systemic peripheral resistance according to the equation;
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36. The device of claim 27, wherein the processing member further determines the patient'"'"'s cardiac output by determining the patient'"'"'s diastolic flow velocity, wherein the processing member determines the patient'"'"'s distal peripheral resistance according to the equation:
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where PR2=the distal peripheral resistance, MAP=the determined mean arterial pressure, DIA=the determined diastolic pressure, and Vo=the determined diastolic flow velocity.
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37. A method for diagnosing cardiovascular pathology in a patient, comprising the steps of:
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(1) gathering cardiovascular condition information from the patient through a non-invasive technique;
(2) determining the patient'"'"'s systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure from the gathered cardiovascular condition information;
(3) using at least one of the determined diastolic, systolic and mean arterial pressures to determine the patient'"'"'s peripheral resistance;
(4) comparing the determined peripheral resistance to a predetermined peripheral resistance threshold value;
(5) comparing the determined mean arterial pressure to a predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value; and
(5) diagnosing the patient as having a cardiovascular pathology based upon the relative magnitude of the determined peripheral resistance to the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold and upon the relative magnitude of the determined mean arterial pressure to the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value. - View Dependent Claims (38, 39, 40)
(1) the determined peripheral resistance has a smaller magnitude compared to the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold and the determined mean arterial pressure has a larger magnitude than the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value;
(2) the determined peripheral resistance has a larger magnitude compared to the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold and the determined mean arterial pressure has a larger magnitude than the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value; and
(3) the determined peripheral resistance has a larger magnitude compared to the predetermined peripheral resistance threshold and the determined mean arterial pressure has a smaller magnitude than the predetermined mean arterial pressure threshold value.
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Specification