AC active clamp for isolated power factor corrector and method of operating the same

• US 6,272,027 B1
• Filed: 07/28/2000
• Issued: 08/07/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lucent Technologies, Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Polikarpov, Anatoliy, Fraidlin, Simon
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US09/627,677
• Time in Patent Office: 375 Days
• Field of Search: 363/26, 363/25, 363/82, 363/90, 363/56, 363/55, 363/50, 323/282, 323/283, 323/284, 323/285, 323/222
• US Class Current: 363/26
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/34 Snubber circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/342 Active non-dissipative snubbers
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/4258 using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage H02M1/4241 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 80/10 Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Abstract

An AC active clamp, a method of operating the same and a power factor corrector employing the AC active clamp or the method. The power factor corrector has a primary switching circuit coupled to a primary winding of an isolation transformer and a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of the isolation transformer. The primary switching circuit has first and second power switches configured to receive unrectified AC power. In one embodiment, the AC active clamp includes a switching circuit having first and second clamping switches series coupled in opposition and a capacitor coupled to the switching circuit. The switching circuit and the capacitor are coupled across at least a portion of the primary winding and are configured to mitigate adverse effects of a reverse recovery phenomenon associated with the rectifier and to effect substantially zero voltage switching of the first and second power switches of the primary switching circuit.

Claims

1. For use with a power factor corrector having a primary switching circuit coupled to a primary winding of an isolation transformer and a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of said isolation transformer, said primary switching circuit having first and second power switches configured to receive unrectified AC power, an AC active clamp, comprising:

a switching circuit having first and second clamping switches series coupled in opposition; and

a capacitor coupled to said switching circuit, said switching circuit and said capacitor coupled across at least a portion of said primary winding and configured to mitigate adverse effects of a reverse recovery phenomenon associated with said rectifier and to effect substantially zero voltage switching of said first and second power switches of said primary switching circuit.

2. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 1 wherein said capacitor is coupled between said switching circuit and a first end tap of said primary winding, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled between said switching circuit and a second end tap of said primary winding.

3. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 1 further comprising an auxiliary diode coupled across said capacitor.

4. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 2 further comprising:

a first auxiliary diode coupled across said capacitor; and

a second auxiliary diode coupled across said second capacitor.

5. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 1 wherein said switching circuit further includes third and fourth clamping switches series coupled in opposition, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled to said series-coupled third and fourth clamping switches.

6. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 1 wherein said power factor corrector employs a magnetically coupled filter.

7. The AC active clamp as recited in claim 1 wherein said power factor corrector employs topologies selected from the group consisting of:

boost topologies;

topologies having capacitive coupling between an input and an output of said power factor corrector;

SEPIC topologies;

flyback topologies; and

Zeta topologies.

8. For use with a power factor corrector having a primary switching circuit coupled to a primary winding of an isolation transformer and a rectifier coupled to a secondary winding of said isolation transformer, said primary switching circuit having first and second power switches configured to receive unrectified AC power, a method of actively clamping energy of said power factor corrector, comprising:

mitigating adverse effects of a reverse recovery phenomenon associated with said rectifier with an AC active clamp having;

a switching circuit including first and second clamping switches series coupled in opposition, and

a capacitor coupled to said switching circuit, said switching circuit and said capacitor coupled across at least a portion of said primary winding; and

effecting, with said AC active clamp, substantially zero voltage switching of said first and second power switches of said primary switching circuit.

9. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said capacitor is coupled between said switching circuit and a first end tap of said primary winding, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled between said switching circuit and a second end tap of said primary winding.

10. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising reducing an output ripple current of said power factor corrector.

11. The method as recited in claim 9 wherein said AC active clamp further comprises a first auxiliary diode coupled across said capacitor and a second auxiliary diode coupled across said second capacitor.

12. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said switching circuit further includes third and fourth clamping switches series coupled in opposition, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled to said series-coupled third and fourth clamping switches.

13. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising filtering said unrectified AC power with a magnetically coupled filter.

14. The method as recited in claim 8 wherein said power factor corrector employs topologies selected from the group consisting of:

boost topologies;

topologies having capacitive coupling between an input and an output of said power factor corrector;

SEPIC topologies;

flyback topologies; and

Zeta topologies.

15. An isolated power factor corrector having an input and adapted to provide a DC output voltage at an output thereof, comprising:

an isolation transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;

a primary switching circuit, interposed between said input and said primary winding, including first and second power switches configured to receive unrectified AC power;

a rectifier, interposed between said secondary winding and said output, configured to rectify a waveform from said isolation transformer to develop said DC output voltage; and

an AC active clamp, coupled to said primary switching circuit, comprising;

a switching circuit having first and second clamping switches series coupled in opposition; and

a capacitor coupled to said switching circuit, said switching circuit and said capacitor coupled across at least a portion of said primary winding and configured to mitigate adverse effects of a reverse recovery phenomenon associated with said rectifier and to effect substantially zero voltage switching of said first and second power switches of said primary switching circuit.

16. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 15 wherein said capacitor is coupled between said switching circuit and a first end tap of said primary winding, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled between said switching circuit and a second end tap of said primary winding.

17. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 15 wherein said AC active clamp further comprises an auxiliary diode coupled across said capacitor.

18. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 16 wherein said AC active clamp further comprises a first auxiliary diode coupled across said capacitor and a second auxiliary diode coupled across said second capacitor.

19. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 15 wherein said switching circuit further includes third and fourth clamping switches series coupled in opposition, said AC active clamp further comprising a second capacitor coupled to said series-coupled third and fourth clamping switches.

20. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 15 wherein said isolation transformer forms a portion of a magnetically coupled filter.

21. The power factor corrector as recited in claim 15 wherein said power factor corrector employs topologies selected from the group consisting of:

boost topologies;

topologies having capacitive coupling between said input and said output;

SEPIC topologies;

flyback topologies; and

Zeta topologies.