Method of and apparatus for manipulating digital data works

• US 6,272,222 B1
• Filed: 10/24/1997
• Issued: 08/07/2001
• Est. Priority Date: 03/02/1995
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Signum Technologies Limited (VGI Holdings LLC)
• Original Assignee: Signum Technologies Limited (VGI Holdings LLC)
• Inventors: Hilton, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Swann, Tod
• Assistant Examiner(s): Callahan, Paul E.
• Application Number:
  US08/894,825
• Time in Patent Office: 1,383 Days
• Field of Search: 380/4, 380/14, 380/59, 380/201, 380/202, 380/203, 380/205, 380/206, 380/207, 380/210, 380/239, 713/176, 713/177, 713/179, 713/165, 348/334, 386/95, 386/96, 386/104, 705/51, 705/57
• US Class Current: 380/54
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32203 Spatial or amplitude domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32208 involving changing the magnitude of selected pixels, e.g. overlay of information or super-imposition H04N1/32219, H04N1/32224 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32251 in multilevel data, e.g. greyscale or continuous tone data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32288 Multiple embedding, e.g. cocktail embedding, or redundant embedding, e.g. repeating the additional information at a plurality of locations in the image
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32352 Controlling detectability or arrangements to facilitate detection or retrieval of the embedded information, e.g. using markers for decoding, detection or retrieval operations H04N1/32149 and subgroups take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3281 Encryption; Ciphering

Abstract

A method of hiding copyright related messages within digital data works is taught. The method relies on modifying data elements in the work according to certain rules which depend on the actual message itself. The information content of the message can be extracted through a comparison of measurable characteristics of defined portions of the modified work.

Claims

1. A method of reading a digital data work, organized into a spatial or temporal pattern of constituent parts, each such part made up of a set of data elements, comprising the steps of:

analyzing the digital data work for a spatial or temporal pattern of constituent parts;

determining if a measurable characteristic of the set of data elements forming a particular constituent part differs from that expected, the difference (i) arising from a modification deliberately applied to the digital data work to code for additional data descriptive of the digital data work, and (ii) being detectable, even after an original of the digital data work has undergone alterations to generate the digital data work, which are of at least one of the kinds of alterations ordinarily applied to such works, said alterations including cropping or scaling, if the spatial or temporal pattern of the constituent parts in the digital data work is known and the nature of the measurable characteristic is known, but is not otherwise readily detectable; and

,

analyzing the values of the measurable characteristics of some or all of the constituent parts in order to recover the additional data.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of analyzing the values of the measurable characteristics to recover the additional data uses a statistical technique.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein a pattern is generated which distributes, in either time or space, the constituent parts throughout the work.

4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:

providing an apparatus adapted to read a digital data work to determine if that digital data work includes additional data descriptive of that digital data work, the work being (i) made up of a number of data elements, and (ii) divided into a spatial or temporal pattern of constituent parts, each constituent part consisting of a set of data elements and each set of data elements having a measurable characteristic; and

,

providing a processor programmed to perform the method of reading a digital data work.

5. The method of claim 4 in which a pattern is generated, which distributes, in either time or space, the constituent parts throughout the work and the processor is programmed to locate the first data element.

6. A computer program operable to read a digital data work using the method defined in claim 1.

7. The method of claim 4 wherein the additional data descriptive of that digital data work is information relating to copyright in the digital data work.

8. A method of manipulating a digital data work, made up of a number of data elements, to include additional data descriptive of that digital data work, comprising the steps of:

dividing the whole or part of the work into a spatial or temporal pattern of constituent parts, each constituent part consisting of a set of data elements and each set of data elements having a measurable characteristic;

selecting a particular constituent part;

modifying some or all of the set of data elements of that particular constituent part according to a given set of rules such that the measurable characteristic of that set is different from the measurable characteristic of the corresponding unmodified set of data elements, or other sets in other constituent parts, said modifing step including using a permutation algorithm to generate a pattern which distributes, in either time or space, the constituent parts throughout the work, and wherein said permutated pattern is imposed as a rectangular array;

wherein the difference is detectable, even after the work has undergone alterations which are of at least one kind of the alterations ordinarily applied to such works said alterations including cropping or scaling, if the spatial or temporal pattern of the constituent parts and the nature of the measurable characteristic are known, but is not otherwise readily detectable;

and wherein the modification codes for the additional data descriptive of that digital data work and wherein said additional data descriptive of that digital data work consists of two messages, one associated with a first permutation, the second associated with a second permutation, the permutations being orthogonal.

9. A digital media pre-recorded with a computer program and operable to manipulate a digital data work, made up of a number of data elements, to include additional data descriptive of that digital data work, comprising the steps of:

dividing the whole or part of the work into a spatial or temporal pattern of constituent parts, each constituent part consisting of a set of data elements and each set of data elements having a measurable characteristic;

selecting a particular constituent part;

modifying some or all of the set of data elements of that particular constituent part according to a given set of rules such that the measurable characteristic of that set is different from the measurable characteristic of the corresponding unmodified set of data elemetns, or other sets in other constituent parts,

wherein the difference is detectable, even after the work has undergone alterations which are of at least one kind of the alterations ordinarily applied to such works, such alterations including cropping or scaling, if the spatial or temporal pattern of the constituent parts and the nature of the measurable characteristic are known, but is not otherwise readily detectable;

and wherein the modification codes for the additional data descriptive of that digital data work.